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NR 547 Final Study Guide - PMHNP questions and answers rated A+ 2025/2026
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NR 547 Final Study Guide - PMHNP questions and answers rated A+ 2025/2026
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NR 547 Final Study Guide - PMHNPAdjustment disorder with depressed mood - ANS-Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood,
also called Situational Depression, may sometimes feel nearly as bleak as MDD, but a major
difference is that it does not arise out of the blue.
Rather, situational depression occurs after there is a specific trauma-divorce, accident, death of
loved one, a major life change...
Antidepressant medications used to treat depressive symptoms - ANS-SSRI
SNRI
TCS
MAOI's
ASQ screening - ANS-The Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) tool is a brief validated tool
for use among both youth and adults.
Assessing Depression in Patients with Dementia - ANS-Self-reporting scales, such as the GDS,
may be inappropriate.
Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia can be used to screen not diagnose.
Bipolar I and II disorders - ANS-These mood disorders include mood swings that range from
highs (mania) to lows (depression). It's sometimes difficult to distinguish between bipolar
disorder and depression.
Cause of Depression - ANS-Though the exact cause is unknown, depression is influenced by
genetic and environmental factors.
Stressful life events, such as giving birth or experiencing emotional trauma, can contribute to the
development of depression.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) - ANS-Designed for use in the
general population and is now used as a screener for depression in primary care settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major dimensions of
depression experienced in the past week.
The CES-D can be used for children as young as 6 and through older adulthood. It has been
tested across gender and cultural populations and maintains consistent validity and reliability.
The scale takes about 20 minutes to administer, including scoring.
Children's Depression Inventory - ANS-can be used in both educational and clinical settings to
evaluate depressive symptoms in children and adolescents
(7-17 years old)
CDI 2 can aid in the early identification of depressive symptoms, the diagnosis of depression
and related disorders, as well as, the monitoring of treatment effectiveness
, Clinical pearls for adjusting and discontinuing pharmacotherapy for depression in older adults -
ANS-Dose changes:
start low, go slow
4-8 weeks for symptom relief
reassess
if partial improvement, consider adding second drug
if no improvement, consider changing to a new drug class
maintain pharmacotherapy for at least 1 year after remission to prevent relapse
discontinue therapy gradually to reduce withdrawal syndrome (dizziness, anxiety, headache)
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia) - ANS-Involves highs and lows that are milder than those of
bipolar disorder.
Depression Education: Older Adult - ANS-Emphasize that medications should be taken as
prescribed but that they may not "cure" depression; remission of symptoms is the goal but
changes to therapy may need to occur to achieve remission.
Medications take 4-8 weeks to alleviate symptoms in older adults.
To best treat depression, concurrent nonpharmacologic interventions are indicated.
Depression has a documented adverse effect of which medications? - ANS-Corticosteroids
Interferon
Propranolol
Oral contraceptives
Levodopa
Isotretinoin
Depression in Older Adults - ANS-Depression is the second leading cause of disability in older
adults after cardiovascular disease and impacts around 7% of the geriatric population.
Depression often presents as a comorbidity with other physical or cognitive disease processes
in older adults and may present differently than in adolescents or younger adults.
Depression Prevalence in older adults - ANS-Depression is the second leading cause of
disability in older adults after cardiovascular disease and impacts around 7% of the geriatric
population
Biologic factors, including changes in brain structure and neurotransmitters after a
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or with a neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's or
Alzheimer's disease, may increase the risk of depression. Examine the image below for
additional risk factors.
Depression risk factors - ANS-Chronic illness
Disability/ loss of mobility
Change in living situation
Role transitions
Loss of independence
Bereavement
Economic hardships
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