Exam (elaborations)
MS1; CANCER GENETICS TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
MS1; CANCER GENETICS TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
[Show more]
Content preview
MS1; CANCER GENETICS TESTQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the general causes of cancer? - ANSWER 1) Genetics
2) Hereditary factors
3) Environmental aspect
What are the 5 major types of tumors? What type of tissue do they
affect? - ANSWER 1) Carcinomas: epithelial tissue
2) Sarcoma: CT
3) Leukemias: hematopoietic organs
4) Lymphomas: lymphatics
5) Gliomas: CNS
Is cancer a disease? - ANSWER -no, predisposition
What is Knudson's Two-Hit model? What is an example? What are the 2
types and how do they occur? - ANSWER -states you need two
mutations for cancer
ex.) Retinoblastoma: AD with incomplete penetrance
1) Bilateral runs in family
-one copy bad already from inheritance
-second copy is sporadic mutation
2) Unilateral:
-1st copy appears sporadically via mutation
-second copy is sporadic also sporadic
What are oncogenes? Where do they come from? What genotype is
associated? - ANSWER -result from gain of function mutation of growth
promoting genes
-the normal gene is called proto-oncogene
-usually dominant mutation
, What are mutations that occur in tumor suppressor genes? What is
affected? What genotype is associated? - ANSWER -loss of function to
inhibit the growth inhibiting activates
-need to be recessive
What are the DNA repair genes? What is their function? - ANSWER def:
help maintain integrity of the genome
-BRCA1, BRCA2, Mismatch (MLH and MSH)
How does the cell cycle work? What are the factors? What are they
regulated by? What are checkpoints and which is important for cancers?
- ANSWER -use cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases
-regulation done via phosphorylation and CDK inhibitors
-checkpoints: G1/S (important for cancer), S/G2, G2/M. G0
What are the function of the following in the cell cycle:
1) Rb
2) p53
3) p16
4) p21 - ANSWER 1) Rb blocks E2F
-G1-S phase checkpoint
2) p53:
-activate p21
-halt DNA rep
3) p16:
-block Cyclin D1/CDK4/6 from phosphorylating Rb
4) p21:
-inhibit Cyclin E from binding CDK2
How do you find cancer genes? - ANSWER -lost cell markers indicated
loss of heterozygosity (LOH) near gene of interest
What is GWAS? What is it used for? What techniques are used? What
can be screened? What is used to reduce burden? - ANSWER -GWAS:
genome wide association studies
-many markers screened in one test
-used microarrays or WGS
-can screen many markers such as SNPs
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller luzlinkuz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now