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NUR 406 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) GI EXAM 3 | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 406 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) GI EXAM 3 | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 406 GI Exam 31. GI tract AKA
alimentary canal
2. mouth
reservoir for chewing and mixing of food with saliva
3. tast buds
chemoreceptors that detect,
- salty
- sour
- bitter
- sweet
4. olfactory nerve CN1
taste and smell
5. how many permanent teeth do we have
32
6. esophagus
- upper 1/3 striated (motor neuron innervations)
- middle 1/3 mixed striated and smooth
- lower 1/3 smooth (vagus nerve, involved in relaxation)
7. upper esophagus sphincter role
,keeps air from entering the esophagus
8. lower esophagus sphincter role
gastroesophageal, allows for the passage of food into the stomach, tightens to prevent reflux.
(hiatus, where the diaphragm is and esophagus passes through into the stomach)
9. phases of swallowing
1. oral phase
2. pharyngeal phase
3. esophageal phase
10. steps of swallowing
1. the bolus enters the pharynx and the soft palate closes the nasal cavity
2. the larynx rises up to meet the epiglottis. the bolus presses on the epiglottis and bends it
downward, closing the opening to the windpipe
3. the bolus enters the esophagus
11. oral phase
voluntary, food bolus to back of mouth
12. where is the swallowing center located
medulla oblongata in the brain stem
13. pharyngeal phase
involuntary, food bolus stimulates this phase by contact
,14. esophageal phase
involuntary, peristalsis is triggered, the lower esophageal sphincter opens (relaxes) via CNX
(vagus) innervation
15. primary peristalsis
occurs after swallowing
16. secondary peristalsis
if bolus of food becomes lodged, the increase in pres- sure stimulates contraction to move food
towards stomach
17. layers of the GI tract
1. Mucosa
thick layer that secretes enzymes
2. Submucosa
holds glands
3. Muscularis
layers with peristalsis
4. Serosa
protective, holds everything together
18. local controls of enteric nervous system
, - outer
myenteric plexus -> intesti- nal movements and peristalsis
- inner
submucosal plexus -> intestinal secretions and local blood flow
19. autonomic NS control of enteric nervous system
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
20. parasympathetic control of GI
though vagus nerve it increases secretions, motility, and controls intestinal reflexes (relaxation
of cardiac sphincter)
21. sympathetic control of GI
- vasoconstriction
- inhibits motility and secretions
22. intestinal smooth muscle
has its own slow wave frequency for contraction
23. cardiac orfice
entrance of the esophagus to the stomach
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