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CALP test study terminology and
guide Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update
2 Biggest Predictors of Reading Success
✓ P.A. & Letter Naming
Greek, Latin, Anglo-Saxon
✓ 3 Layers of English language
Greek
11% of English words
✓ Specialized words used mostly in science, combining forms compounded
atmosphere, thermometer, chromosomes, microscope, physiology
✓ -Closed: graph, gram
✓ -Open: photo, micro
✓ -ph for /f/
✓ -ch for /k/
✓ -y for /short i/
✓ -pn, pt
Latin
55% of English words
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✓ -Technical sophisticated words, used in more formal contexts-literature and
textbooks affixes added to roots audience, contradict, disruptive, retract, survival,
transfer
✓ -Affix: construction, erupting, conductor
✓ -Multisyllabic
✓ -Schwa is prevalent;
✓ -Few vowel digraphs
✓ -R-controlled: port, form
✓ -Vce: scribe, vene
✓ Suffixes:-cial, -cious, -cient, -tial, -tious, -tient
Anglo-Saxon
20%-25% of English words
✓ Short common every day, often 1-syllable words that are familiar words, words used
in ordinary life and often found in school primer books. Compound Words! Many
have non-phonetic spellings such as blood, cry, laugh, mother, run, wash
✓ -Closed: mad
✓ -Open: go
✓ -VCe: lame
✓ -vowel team: boat
✓ -Consonant -le: tumble
✓ -R-controlled: barn
✓ -Consonant pairs: gn, kn, wr
✓ -final stable syllables ble, zle, kle
4 characteristics of a letter
✓ Name, Shape, Sound, Feel
How many syllables are in the word, "unpacked"
✓ 2
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4 Components of a lesson plan activity
✓ 1. Emphasis
✓ 2. Preparation
✓ 3. Practice
✓ 4. Closure
6 Syllable types
✓ 1. Closed
✓ 2. Open
✓ 3. Vowel consonant e
✓ 4. Two adjacent vowels
✓ 5. Vowel r
✓ 6. Final Stable Syllable
Percentage of English words that have predictable spelling from regular rules.
✓ For about 84% of English words, spelling is completely predictable from regular rules.
History of English
✓ -Norman Conquest (William the Conquerer) resulted in more than 10,000 French
words. Anglo-French compound words: gentlemen, faithful. Spelling based on French
such as the "our" in journey, ch pronounced as /sh/ and the que as /k/ in antique. The
conquest resulted in a decline of Old English. During Mature Middle English, Chaucer
wrote The Canterbury Tales in the late 1300s (Renaissance period) The Latin
vocabulary conveyed both abstract and humanistic ideas. Index, library, medicine,
instant. Latin prefixes: ad-, pro-. Suffixes:
✓ -ent, -ion, -al. English is a polygot.
✓ Our communication system in English started in 400AD.
✓ Celts—Anglo=Saxon (first to put words on paper)—Vikings (Germanic language)—
French (Norman conquest)—Greek and Roman (Renaissance).
✓ Anglo-Saxon (win)-French (succeed)—Latin (triumph).
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ASAPE-Identifiers to determine reading/spelling situations
✓ The key to unlocking the reading code:
✓ A-Adjacent Letters-a letter may make a specific sound next to another letter (a
makes /o/ after w= watch)
✓ S-Syllables-a vowel may make a specific sound in a specific syllable (closed syllable
short sound, open syllable long sound)
✓ A-Accent-a vowel sound may change when it is not accented ("ar" sound in "car" vs.
when ar is unaccented, it is pronounced /er/ as in "dollar")
✓ P-Position-a letter may make a specific sound in I,M,F position (a as /uh/ in final:
"soda", x in initial position sounds /x/, and e in final is silent
✓ E-Etymology-may reveal origins behind a seemingly irregular word. K and G are used
to pronounced "knight" and "gnat", number "two" comes from Old Eng "twa" (tway)
Percentages of English that comes from other languages
✓ 20-25% Anglo-Saxon
✓ 60% Latin
✓ 10-12% Greek
Percentage of English words that are predictable from regular rules.
✓ 84%
Morphemes in English include...
✓ -Anglo-Saxon compound words
✓ -Anglo-Saxon Affixes
✓ -Latin bases (roots)
✓ -Latin Affixes
✓ -Greek bases (roots)
NRP Super 7 Comprehension Strategies
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