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EXAM 3 NURS 5315 with correct answers
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EXAM 3 NURS 5315 with correctanswers
Pulmonar Disease - correct answer -*classified into 2 broad categories
-restrictive vs obstructive
- infectious vs non-infectious
Restrictive disorders - correct answer -*unable to breath air in
* these ppl have low lung volumes on PFTs
*lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time during
ventilation.
*Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, bronchitis,
and pulmonar edema
Obstructive disorders - correct answer -*unable to exhale the air that has been
inhaled
* have high volumes on PFTs
* Examples= asthma and COPD
Infectious Disorders - correct answer -* Pneumonia and TB
Non-infectious pulmonary disorder - correct answer -pulmonar fibosis, lung cancer,
and pulmonary hypertension
Acute Respiratory Failure - correct answer -* 2 main types= hypoxemia and
hypercapnia
* may result from direct injury
* may be triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or
organs
* may occur post-operatively secondary to anesthesia or narcotics
* in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment in diffusion which result in
low oxygen levels or retained CO2
, * most pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain or spinal cord
injuries
Hypoxemia respiratory failure - correct answer -* PaO2 less than or equal to
50mmHg
* from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries
* disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumonia
Hypercapnic respiratory failure - correct answer -* PaCO2 greater than or equal to
50mmHg
* from inadequate alveolar ventilation
* cause= depression of respiratory function from meds, abnormal spinal cord,
disorders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular junction, chest wall injury,
COPD, and obstruction or large airways.
Pneumothorax - correct answer -* presence of air or gas in the pleural space
* air may press against the lungs and cause the lung to collapse
* 2 main types= spontaneous and secondary
* clinical manifestations= sudden pleural pain, tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased
breath sounds, and HYPPEROSANCE TO PERCUSSION
Spontaneous pneumothorax - correct answer -* occurs in males 20-40 years of age
that are tall and thin
* may occur in bleb ruptures in ppl with emphysema
* smoking increases the risk
* bleb ruptures may be at rest or exercise and in the apexes
* may be a genetic component or family history
Secondary pneumothorax - correct answer -* caused by trauma
* tension pneumothorax occurs when air becomes trapped and can't escape
* site of injury acts as a one way valve only letting air in
* pt may experiene a complete lung collapse
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