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UTA NURS 5315 Test 1 questions with correct answers
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UTA NURS 5315 Test 1 questions withcorrect answers
byproduct of aerobic metabolism - correct answer -carbon dioxide (CO2)
what enzyme converts CO2 to Carbonic acid H2CO3 - correct answer -carbonic
anhydrase
_________ is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism of glucose - correct answer -lactic
acid
end product of oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids - correct answer -sulfuric
acid
end product of metabolism of phosphoproteins and ribonucleotides which are used
as an energy source - correct answer -phosphoric acid
__________ binds with 40% of calcium - correct answer -albumin
charge of albumin - correct answer -negative
what happens with albumin and calcium in acidotic states - correct answer -There is
an increased amount of H ions which causes albumin to bind to more H ions and
less calcium ions causing calcium ions to become displaced leading to a higher level
of free calcium
what happens with albumin and calcium in alkalotic states - correct answer -There is
a decreased amount of H ions causing a insufficient amount of H ions to bind with
albumin. This causes albumin to bind with more calcium (due to H depletion) and
causes a decreased amount of free calcium
When the extracellular fluid volume is expanded it ____________ the reabsorption of
HCO3 in the ____________ ___________ - correct answer -inhibits; proximal tubule
,A deficit in ECF volume results in a __________ in the reabsorption of HCO3 - correct
answer -increase
What hormone does ECF volume deficit stimulate - correct answer -RAAS
How does RAAS affect bicarb - correct answer -Angiotension II stimulates the Na-H
exchanger in the proximal tubule --> increases HCO3 reabsorption
Angiotension II stimulates the Na-H exchanger in the proximal tubule --> increases
HCO3 reabsorption --> what does this cause? - correct answer -metabolic alkalosis
(contraction alkalosis) secondary to volume depletion- can occur with use of
loop/thiazide diuretics
Where does the renal excretion of hydrogen occur? - correct answer -distal tubule
and collecting ducts
What 2 active transport system are used to secrete H - correct answer -H-ATPase
and H-K-ATPase
How do the 2 transport systems move H to be excreted - correct answer -move H
into the lumen and move potassium from the lumen into the cells
once H is in the lumen what does it bind with? - correct answer -monohydrogen
phosphate (HPO4)
what does mono hydrogen phosphate produce - correct answer -H2PO4 -->
dihydrogen phosphate
once H2P04 is created what can happen with it? - correct answer -it can be excreted
what happens to the cell cycle when cancer develops? - correct answer -cell life
cycle is unregulated and the cells grow and proliferate. cancer cellular division is
unregulated and malignant cells can invade local or distant tissues
, Are cancer cells specialized? - correct answer -No, only normal cells are specialized
Are cancer tumors encapsulated? - correct answer -No, only benign tumors are
encapsulated.
-oma - correct answer -benign tumor
Loss of cellular differentiation - correct answer -anaplasia
tumors involving epithelial tissues - correct answer --carcinoma
glandular epithelial tissue - correct answer --adeno
preinvasive carcinoma - correct answer -carcinoma in situ
tumors of connective tissue - correct answer --sarcoma
malignant tumors of the muscle are named using the specific muscle type and
_______ - correct answer -sarcoma;myo
malignant tumors of nervous tissue - correct answer --blastoma
purpose of proto-oncogenes - correct answer -produce proteins which regulate
cellular proliferation
cancer cells contain what is referred to as _______ which are proto-oncogenes that
have mutated - correct answer -oncogenes
what do oncogenes give cancer cells the ability to do? - correct answer -provide
cancer cells with the ability to secrete growth factors which stimulate their own
growth
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