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Test Bank For Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems 10th Edition By Medical Surgical Nursing
Test Bank For Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems 10th Edition By Medical Surgical Nursing
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Test Bank ForAssessment and Management of Clinical Problems 10th Edition By Medical
Surgical Nursing
Table of Contents
1
Chapter 01: Professional Nursing Practice C
Chapter 02: Health Disparities and Culturally Competent Care h
Chapter 03: Health History and Physical Examination a
Chapter 04: Patient and Caregiver Teaching p
Chapter 05: Chronic Illness and Older Adults t
Chapter 06: Stress and Stress Management e
Chapter 07: Sleep and Sleep Disorders r
Chapter 08: Pain
Chapter 09: Palliative Care at End of Life 4
Chapter 10: Substance Use Disorders 3
Chapter 11: Inflammation and Wound Healing :
Chapter 12: Genetics and Genomics
Chapter 13: Altered Immune Responses and Transplantation L
Chapter 14: Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection i
Chapter 15: Cancer v
Chapter 16: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances e
Chapter 17: Preoperative Care r
Chapter 18: Intraoperative Care ,
Chapter 19: Postoperative Care
Chapter 20: Assessment of Visual and Auditory Systems
Chapter 21: Visual and Auditory Problems
Chapter 22: Assessment of Integumentary System 13
Chapter 23: Integumentary Problems 21
Chapter 24: Burns 28
Chapter 25: Assessment of Respiratory System 38
Chapter 26: Upper Respiratory Problems 48
Chapter 27: Lower Respiratory Problems 54
Chapter 28: Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases 59
Chapter 29: Assessment of Hematologic System 71
Chapter 30: Hematologic Problems 79
Chapter 31: Assessment of Cardiovascular System 91
Chapter 32: Hypertension 101
Chapter 33: Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome 105
Chapter 34: Heart Failure 117
Chapter 35: Dysrhythmias 129
Chapter 36: Inflammatory and Structural Heart Disorders 148
Chapter 37: Vascular Disorders 165
Chapter 38: Assessment of Gastrointestinal System 175
Chapter 39: Nutritional Problems 184
Chapter 40: Obesity 196
Chapter 41: Upper Gastrointestinal Problems 208
,229 607
235 629
247 649
261
272
284
307
327
334
355
366
377
397
409
423
439
455
463
474
483
504
529
549
560
580
597
,Chapter 51: Breast Disorders 657
Chapter 52: Sexually Transmitted Infections 669
Chapter 53: Female Reproductive and Genital Problems 678
Chapter 54: Male Reproductive and Genital Problems 700
Chapter 55: Assessment of Nervous System 716
Chapter 56: Acute Intracranial Problems 725
Chapter 57: Stroke 743
Chapter 58: Chronic Neurologic Problems 757
Chapter 59: Dementia and Delirium 773
Chapter 60: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Problems 783
Chapter 61: Assessment of Musculoskeletal System 798
Chapter 62: Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery 805
Chapter 63: Musculoskeletal Problems 826
Chapter 64: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases 837
Chapter 65: Critical Care 858
Chapter 66: Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 877
Chapter 67: Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 890
Chapter 68: Emergency and Disaster Nursing 903
, Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business
taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax
obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax
filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities,
meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are
separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are
distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of
partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity
TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the
owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions.
Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are
taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are
treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome
recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income
when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry)
and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific
limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes
owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target
groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is reported on individual partners’
returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.- **Distributions and Basis**: - When a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis
in the partnership. Understanding how basis is calculated is critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-Corporations**: -
Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level, and dividends are taxed at the shareholder level. Corporations can reinvest profits to defer taxation, but shareholders may face immediate tax consequences upon
dividend distribution.
Chapter 01: Professional Nursing Practice
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The nurse teaches a student nurse about how to apply the nursing process when providing patient care.
Which statement, if made by the student nurse, indicates that teaching was successful?
The nursing process is a scientific-based method of diagnosing the patients health care problems.
The nursing process is a problem-solving tool used to identify and treat patients health care needs.
The nursing process is based on nursing theory that incorporates the biopsychosocial nature ofhumans.
The nursing process is used primarily to explain nursing interventions to other health care
professionals.
ANS: B
The nursing process is a problem-solving approach to the identification and treatment of patients problems.
Diagnosis is only one phase of the nursing process. The primary use of the nursing process is in patient care,
not to establish nursing theory or explain nursing interventions to other health care professionals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (comprehension) REF: 7
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
The nurse describes to a student nurse how to use evidence-based practice guidelines when caring for
patients. Which statement, if made by the nurse, would be the most accurate?
Inferences from clinical research studies are used as a guide.
Patient care is based on clinical judgment, experience, and traditions.
Data are evaluated to show that the patient outcomes are consistently met.
Recommendations are based on research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
ANS: D
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