-Independently, the heat energy emitted by the surface has been estimated using observed
surface temperatures on land and sea.
9. aerosols
Answer -Visible smoke and smog are made up of tiny particles
-carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cannot be seen by the human eye
-Most of these aerosols reflect sunlight and have a cooling effect
10. black carbon aerosols (a major component of soot)
Answer -absorb solar radiation entering the atmosphere and have a warming effect.
-warms the climate by absorbing solar energy rather than infrared energy from the planet
11. super pollutants
Answer -non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases and black carbon particles
-per molecule, their warming effects are much larger than that of carbon dioxide.
12. The Northern Hemisphere has warmed more than the Southern Hemi- sphere,
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