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UNMC Pharm Exam 1 Questions And Answers
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UNMC Pharm Exam 1 Questions And AnswersWhat 3 things does an Ideal drug have? - Answer Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
Who gives the generic name of a drug? - Answer United States Adopted Names Council
(USAN)
Schedule I drugs - Answer High potential for abuse
no currently accepted medical use in the US
Lack of accepted safety for medical use
i.e. Heroine, Marijuana
Schedule II drugs - Answer High potential for abuse
Currently accepted medical use in the US
Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
Schedule III drugs - Answer Less potential for abuse than I & II
Currently accepted medical use in US
Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological
dependence
Schedule IV drugs - Answer lower potential for abuse than III
Currently accepted medical use in US
Abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence compared to III
,Schedule V drugs Low potential for abuse
Presently accepted medical use in US
Abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence compared to IV
Black Box Warning Strictest warning by FDA
Reasonable evidence of serious or life threatening hazard associated w/ drug
Pregnancy Category A A-ok
Adequate and well-controlled human studies demonstrate no risk
Pregnancy Category B Animal studies demonstrate no risk, but no human studies
performed
OR animal studies show risk, but human studies show no risk
Pregnancy Category C - Answer Animal studies show risk, but no human studies done.
Potential benefits may outweigh risks.
Pregnancy Category D - Answer Human studies show a risk. Potential benefits may
outweigh risks.
Pregnancy Category X - Answer X - NO WAY
Animal or human studies show risk. Risks outweigh potential benefits.
BEERS Criteria - Answer Lists inappropriate medications for older adults
Pharmacokinetics - Answer What the body does to the drug
1) Absorption - getting into the blood stream
, 2) Distribution - drug carried in blood to sites of action
3) Metabolism - LIVER enzymes transform drug (inactivate or into another form)
4) Excretion - elimination of drug from body through Urine (Kidneys) mainly
What determines the concentration of a drug at its sites of action - determining the
intensity & time course of responses? - Answer Pharmacokinetics
First-Pass Effect - Answer Metabolism in the liver before the drug has had a chance to
go systemic.
Metabolism inactivates a portion of the drug with each pass through the liver
Pharmacodynamics - Answer What the drug does to the body
Receptor drug must fit into the receptor on the cells for the medication to take effect
Agonist makes the cell initiate an action Antagonist blocks the receptor which prevents
the cell from being turned on by another substance Non-Receptor does not require
receptor on cells, for example antacids work directly on the acid itself not the cell
Pediatric Considerations-Answer Significant differences in action and effects More
dosage calculations required because of weight and body surface area
Drug Studies don't include children because of the following: * Immature systems (liver,
kidney, blood-brain barrier, bone & teeth) = still developing & may affect
pharmacokinetics and/or more easily damaged permanently * less acid & slower gastric
emptying = more absorption in stomach * liver underdeveloped = less first-pass effect *
More Body Surface & thinner skin = absorbed through skin more * Lower BP = more
blood flow in liver & brain, less in kidneys (less excretion)
* More water = dilutes water soluble drugs
Geriatric Considerations - Answer Overall rate of absorption is slowed, NOT the amount
of drug absorbed
* Less acid, slower gastric emptying, & gastric motility = slows absorption
* Reduced blood flow = slower or less absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
* Less water & more fat = "trap" lipid-soluble drugs
* less protein binding sites = more free drug in blood
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