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Chamberlain BIOS 252 Exam 1 questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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Chamberlain BIOS 252 Exam 11. 2 neuroglia in PNS - ANS-satellite cells and schwann cells
2. 4 neuroglia of CNS - ANS-astrocytes, microglial, ependymal, oligodendrocytes
3. A band - ANS-dark area; extends length of the thick filaments
4. abdominal muscles - ANS-rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique,
transversus abdominis
5. Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANS-A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and
also triggers muscle contraction
6. action potential - ANS-a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon
7. long distance signals of axons
8. aerobic respiration - ANS-Respiration that requires oxygen, occurs in mitochondria
9. anerobic glycolysis - ANS-Rapid breakdown of Carbs, either glycogen or glucose,
occurring without the presence of oxygen.
10. arachnoid mater - ANS-weblike middle layer of the three meninges
11. astrocytes - ANS-Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
12. axo-axonic synapse - ANS-a synapse at which a presynaptic axon terminal synapses
onto the axon terminal of another neuron
13. axo-dendritic synapse - ANS-a synapse at which a presynaptic axon terminal synapses
onto a dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron, either via a dendritic spine or directly onto
the dendrite itself
14. axo-somatic synapse - ANS-A synapse at which a presynaptic axon terminal synapses
onto the cell body (soma) of the postsynaptic neuron.
15. axon hillock function - ANS-Allows impulses to move away from the cell
16. beta oxidation - ANS-fatty acids get broken down into energy
17. biceps brachii - ANS-flexes forearm
18. biceps femoris - ANS-extends thigh and flexes leg
19. bipennate - ANS-Fibers on both sides of tendon
20. circular muscle - ANS-muscle that forms a ring around a body opening
21. CNS (central nervous system) - ANS-brain and spinal cord
22. concentric contraction - ANS-muscle shortens
23. Conduction in different axon types - ANS-with myelin the nerve conduction is faster.For
example, whereas unmyelinated axon conduction velocities range from about 0.5 to 10
m/s, myelinated axons can conduct at velocities up to 150 m/s.
24. Conductivity - ANS-The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another
object.
25. Contractibility - ANS-ability to shorten/contract
26. contractile proteins in muscle - ANS-actin and myosin
27. convergent series - ANS-multiple inputs goes into 1 output
, 28. creatine kinase - ANS-muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated
blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle
pathologies
29. creatine phosphate - ANS-acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue
30. Cross-crawl contraction - ANS-opposite muscle contractions
31. CSF functions - ANS-buoyancy, protection, chemical stability
32. deltoid - ANS-shoulder abduction
33. Dendrites - ANS-Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
34. Depolarization - ANS-The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing
into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.
35. describe the power process of muscle contraction - ANS-ATP binds to myosin
36. Diaphragm - ANS-Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with
breathing
37. divergent series - ANS-1 input goes into multiple outputs
38. dopamine functions - ANS-motor control, reward, addiction
39. dura mater - ANS-thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the
brain and spinal cord
40. eccentric contraction - ANS-muscle lengthens
41. Elasticity of muscle - ANS-Ability of muscle fibers to recoil and resume their resting
length after being stretched.
42. electrically gated channels - ANS-open in response to electrical charge
43. Endomysium - ANS-Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
44. enteric nervous system - ANS-the nervous system of the digestive tract
45. Ependymal cells (CNS) - ANS-produce cerebrospinal fluid
46. Epimysium - ANS-surrounds entire muscle
47. Epinephrine - ANS-adrenaline; raises glucose levels
48. EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) - ANS-depolarizing graded potential in
postsynaptic neuron in response to activation of excitatory synapse
49. Excitability - ANS-ability to respond to stimuli
50. Extensibility - ANS-ability to be stretched
51. external intercostals - ANS-elevates ribs during inspiration
52. First class lever system - ANS-fulcrum between load and effort
53. fusiform - ANS-spindle shaped
54. gastrocnemius - ANS-Calf muscle, plantar flexion
55. gluteus maximus - ANS-extends thigh
56. gluteus medius - ANS-abducts and medially rotates thigh
57. gluteus minimus - ANS-abducts and medially rotates thigh
58. graded potential - ANS-electrical signals allowing communication over short distances
59. Hyperpolarization - ANS-The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from
rest potential in a more negative direction.
60. I band - ANS-light band, actin only
61. identify the muscle proteins - ANS-myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin, titin
62. iliopsas muscle - ANS-flexes thigh or trunk
63. inferior oblique - ANS-elevates eye and turns it laterally
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