Exam (elaborations)
IBHRE CEPS TEST LATEST UPDATED
- Course
- Institution
IBHRE CEPS TEST LATEST UPDATED...
[Show more]
Content preview
IBHRE CEPS TEST LATESTUPDATED
Class 1 Anti-Arrhythmic Mechanism: Sodium (Na) Channel Blockers
Class II Anti-Arrhythmic Mechanism: Beta Blockers
Class III Anti-Arrhythmic Mechanism: Potassium (K) Channel Blockers
Class IV Anti-Arrhythmic Mechanism: L-Type Calcium (Ca) Channel Blocker
Class Ia medicines - ANSWER: Quinidine (rarely used).
- Procainamide - Disopyramide.
Na Channel Blockers that Increase APD
Class Ib medications include lidocaine, mexiletine, and phenytoin.
Na channel blockers that modestly reduce APD
Class Ic medications include propafenone and flecainide.
Na Channel Blockers That Do Not Change APD
Class II drugs include propranolol, atenolol, esmolol, and metoprolol.
Beta-Blockers. (β-blockers)
Class III drugs include amiodarone, dronedarone, sotalol, ibutilide, and
bretylium.
Prolong APD (K Channel Blocker).
Class IV drugs include verapamil and diltiazem.
, L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers
During Phase 0 AP, the cell experiences depolarization, which causes rapid
opening of Na+ channels and flooding with positive sodium ions.
-The depolarization of one cell causes the Na+ channels of adjacent cells to
open, resulting in a wave of propagation.
Phase 1 AP: Initial Repolarization and Inactivation of Fast Na+ Channels.
Phase 2 AP: ANSWER-Plateau The phase is sustained by a balance of Ca2+
inward movement through L-type calcium channels (opened during
depolarization) and K+ outward movement through the slow K+ channel.
-Lower potassium ion permeability
Phase 3 AP - ANSWER: Rapid Repolarization Phase: Ca2+ channels close,
slow K+ remains open, and ionic pumps restore ion concentrations to pre-AP
levels.
Phase 4 AP - ANSWER: Resting Membrane Potential.
Vasoconstriction is the effect of the alpha adrenergic receptor site.
Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Site Effect - Cardiac Stimulation
We have one heart and two lungs.
Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Site Effect - ANSWER: Lung Bronchodilation
We have one heart and two lungs.
Cholinergic receptor effect - ANSWER Cardiac depression
Sympathetic Nervous System - Answer
ANSWER: Hertz (Hz) - Cycles per second
Unit of Force (Exertion): Newton N - kg * m/s^2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller luzlinkuz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67163 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now