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MGY378 Antiviral Lecture Exam Study Set
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MGY378 Antiviral LectureExam Study Set
IC50/EC50 - Answer concentration of drug that reduces virus replication by 50%
CC50 - Answer concentration of drug that reduces cell viability by 50%
Selectivity Index (SI)/Therapeutic Index (TI) - Answer CC50/IC50
3 factors to consider for antiviral drug development. - Answer bioavailability, clearace,
resistance
Components of basic research. - Answer molecular biology of virus replication and
pathogenesis of animal model infection
Components of pre-clinical studies. - Answer screen compounds for potential antiviral
activity (in-vitro), test candidates in animal
models to test efficiacy and toxicity, go/no-go decision
Strategies that harm virus without harming the host cell. - Answer 1. Enhancement of
innate immune functions to limit spread of virus throughout body
2. Precise targeting of functions unique to virus to minimize toxicity to host
PRRs on surrounding media. - Answer TLR2, TLR4, TLR6
PRRs on endosome. - Answer TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9
PRRs in cytoplasm. - Answer RIG-I, cGAS
What do TLR2 and TLR4 detect? - Answer viral coat proteins
What do TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I detect? - Answer double-stranded RNA
What do TLR7 and TLR8 detect? - Answer single-stranded RNA
What does TLR9 detect? - Answer unmethylated CpG DNA
What does cGAS detect? - Answer DNA
Function of IRF3/7 or NFkB - Answer PRR engagement induces signal through IRG3/7 or
NFkB to induce expression of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines
Drastic self-reinforcement of various feedback mechanisms of the innate system are
called? - Answer Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
ARDS/DIC/SIRS induce the hyperproduction of? - Answer pro-inflammatory cytokines
Type 1 interferon - Answer Interferon alpha and beta
Interferon alpha and beta found in - Answer all nucleated cells
Type 2 interferon - Answer interferon gamma
interferon gamma produced by - Answer CD4+ T helper 1 cells, natural killer cells and
activated CD8+ T cells
Type 3 interferon - Answer interferon lambda
Interferon lambda receptor found on - Answer epithelial cells and neutrophils
Function of interferons - Answer Respond to block virus replication by inducing
signaling that increase the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)
Treatment with type 1 interferons for - Answer viral infections that lack effective
antiviral drugs.
interferon alpha or pegylated interferon alpha to treat - Answer Hepatits B and C
Imiquimod - Answer TLR7/8 agonist (warts in HPV)
What happens after gp120 binds to CCR5 during HIV-1 entry? - Answer Gp41 is
activated to insert its amino terminus into the plasma membrane of the target cell.
What conformational change does gp41 undergo during HIV-1 entry? - Answer Gp41
collapses into a 6-helical bundle, pulling the viral and cell membranes closer to induce
membrane fusion.
Miraviroc - Answer binds to CCR5 to compete against gp120 (HIV-1)
T20 (enfuvirtide) - Answer mimics one of 6 helical bundle to prevent viral and host
receptor fusion (HIV-1)
Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine - Answer prevent acidification of endosome to induce
release of viral genome from endosome by absorbing proteins to prevent changes in pH
Amantadine/Rimantadine - Answer selective inhibitors of the M2 ion channel, binding
inside ion channel to block ion flow, result in loss of HS remodeling needed for
membrane fusion (specific to influenza A)
Acyclovir - Answer upon incorporation into growing DNA oligonucleotide, it lacks ribose
sugar moiety required for addition of next base (Herpes virus)
Why is Acyclovir specific to Herpesvirus? - Answer selective recognition and
phosphorylation by virus-enoded thymidine kinase
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