Exam (elaborations)
NSB236 EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NSB236 EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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NSB236 EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
LOLs - ANSWER beta-blockers; used to slow down HR and allow for
ventricular filling to ensure adequate stroke volume
PINEs - ANSWER Calcium Channel Blockers; lower BP by blocking
calcium (which causes vessels and the heart to contract more strongly).
By blocking calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to
relax and open.
RILs - ANSWER Vasodilators; dilate blood vessels and arteries,
increasing the ease of blood flow
Amioderone / Flecanide - ANSWER Antiarrhythmic; prevent and treat
abnormal heartbeats
Adrenaline - ANSWER Adrenaline is a cardiac stimulant (increased HR
and CO), bronchodilator, and assists with peripheral vasodilation
Hydrocortisone - ANSWER decreases inflammation and reverses
increased capillary permeability, aids in improving blood pressure and
heart rate and is used in anaphylaxis if hypotension persists after initial
therapy
Antihistamines - ANSWER block histamines from binding with histamine
receptor sites in tissues
Salbutomol - ANSWER Salbutamol is used to relieve symptoms of
asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as
coughing, wheezing and feeling breathless. It works by relaxing the
muscles of the airways into the lungs, which makes it easier to breathe.
Salbutamol comes in an inhaler (puffer).
Neuro Assessment - ANSWER GCS
, Respiratory Assessment - ANSWER RR, sp02, accessory muscles
Cardio Assessment - ANSWER HR, BP, cap refill, ECG
Renal assessment - ANSWER Urine output, urea, creatinine, eGFR
Immunilogical - ANSWER Temp, WBC count
Clinical care for Sepsis and Septic Shock, action and body's response -
ANSWER - Consider root cause
- Administer antibiotics (broad spectrum eg vancomycin until source of
infection is specified and then tailor)
- Consider antimicrobial stewardship and renal function
- Response: drop in temperature, decreased white cell count
Fluids: to increase blood pressure and end organ perfusion (30ml/kg in
the first hour)
Response: increased urine output indicating sufficient renal perfusion
Vasopressor: causes vasoconstriction to ensure adequate end organ
perfusion
Results: monitor BP and HR
Overall aim of treatment of sepsis and results - ANSWER To correct
hypoperfusion caused by vasodilation
Results:
- MAP >65
- BP with SBP >100
- peripheral perfusion
- Decreased RR
- Cap refill
- Increased urine output
Low blood volume shock states - ANSWER Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
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