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NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS...
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What do the 5 most common reasons an ambo is called relate to -ANSWER hypoxia
hypotension
aloc
tachycardia
tachypnoea
all relate to
sepsis (80%)
cardiogenic shock
arrhythmia
pulmonary oedema
What is the formula for oxygen delivery - ANSWER [SaO2 x Hb] +
[PaO2] X [SV X HR]
Arterial o2 content x (cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance)
What happens in aerobic respiration - ANSWER Turns glucose and O2
into water and CO2
(Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken
down products with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide.)
The energy from this reaction produces ATP (energy for cells)
What happens in anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER Energy can be
produced without o2, it is a less efficient form of metabolism.
Produces waste product (lactic acid)
What does arterial oxygenation require - ANSWER patent airway
functioning lung tissue
,gas exchange
haemoglobin to carry o2
Normal range is 8-100mmHg
What are compensatory mechanisms - ANSWER When the body
detects low o2 delivery at the tissues or a reduction in co output,
increase in RR and HR
What is portsmouth sign and how to recognise it - ANSWER When HR is
higher than SBP.
Indicated a decrease in CO and failing compensatory mechanisms
What is pulse pressure - ANSWER difference between systolic and
diastolic pressure
narrow PP= insufficient preload, heart failure, shock state
wide PP= atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, raised ICP
What are 2 mechanisms to maintain effective blood volume - ANSWER
1. vasoconstriction
2. decrease renal losses of fluid
what is a mechanism to optimise cardiac performance - ANSWER
increase hr and contractility
what is shock - ANSWER a state of insufficient perfusion and
oxygenation delivery to vital organs and tissues through the body
nursing interventions for managing circulation issues - ANSWER reduce
workload- control hr
management volume status
re-establish blood flow- angioplasty
critical care specific interventions
optimise cardiac output
difference in iv fluids - ANSWER colloid- large molecule fluids
, crystalloid- small molecule and able to move through a semipermeable
membrane
treatment for impaired perfusion/oxygenation - ANSWER address
primary cause (eg bleeding/burns)
fluid replacement (3:1 rule in hypovolemic shock- 3mL of crystalloid for
every 1mL of estimated blood loss)
optimise oxygenation
monitor CVP
lactate (hypoperfusion and reduce o2 delivery)
4 fluid options and purpose - ANSWER 1. normal saline- replaces
circulating volume
2. packed RBC - replaces haemoglobin, does not contain clotting factor
3. platelet- important role in clotting
4. fresh frozen plasma- replace clotting factor
complications from large transfusions (7) (UH LOVED) - ANSWER 1.
under resuscitation (results in hypo-perfusion and exacerbated the
inflammatory response)
2. hypothermia
3. late complication respiratory failure
4. over resuscitation (resulting in circulatory overload)
5. volume based issues
6. electrolyte changes (hyperkalemia)
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