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ocean 100 sacramentogrilo exam 2|159 Questions and Answers A+ Rated
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ocean 100 sacramentogrilo exam 2|159 Questions and Answers A+
Rated
what makes up the water molecule? - -1. 2 hydrogen (+) atoms, attracts (-)
atoms
2. 1 oxygen (-) atoms, attracts (+) atoms
- what is the bond angle of the water molecule? - -105°
- what's so peculiar about this molecule? - -it's one of the few molecules on
earth present in 3 different ways: liquid, solid, & gas
- what kind of bonds are in the water molecule? - -covalent bonds (sharing
electrons between O & H atoms)
- what kind of bonds connect all the water molecules together to form
liquid? - -hydrogen bonds
- what do these bonds lead to? - -bind water molecules together; cohesion -
> surface tension
- why is water a polar molecule? - -b/c it has 1 side that is positively
charged & 1 side that is negatively charged
- what do we call water as a result & why? - -a universal solvent b/c it
dissolves substances
- what happens to salt (NaCl) in water? - -it dissolves; na (+) atoms are
attracted to o (-) atoms & cl (-) are attracted to h (+) atoms
- what are the 3 phases of water? - -ice (solid), water (liquid), vapor (gas)
- how does 1 phase get changed to another? - -1. water - > ice (heat is
removed)
2. ice - > water (heat is added)
3. water - > gas (heat is added)
- what is heat capacity? - -amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of 1g of a substance by 1°C
- what is the heat capacity of water? why? - -high heat capacity b/c water
molecules don't want to change (thermal inertia)
, - what is the heat capacity of sand? why? - -low heat capacity b/c it takes
little energy to raise its temperature
- how do the thermal properties of water influence coastal climates? - -
oceans moderate the coastal climate (winter & summer have similar
temperatures & are moderate); inland (winters & summers differ extremely
b/c there is no ocean)
- how does salinity & temperature affect density? - -1. as salinity increases,
density increases
2. as temperature decreases, density increases
- what is density? - -mass per unit volume (g/cm3)
- what happens to cold, salty water? - -thermal contraction (molecules lose
energy & slow down & occupy less space)
- what happens to warm, brackish water? - -thermal expansion (molecules
gain energy & speed up & occupy more space)
- what does water do at the poles? why? - -contracts b/c it is cold, sinks b/c
it is cold, salty, & dense
- what does water do at the equator? why? - -expands b/c it is hot, rises b/c
it is warm & less dense
- what is the temperature of the maximum density of water? - -4°C
(1g/cm3)
- how does the density of water change with freezing? - -density increases
but later becomes less dense after reaching a max temperature of 4°C
- why does ice float on water? - -b/c it is less dense (there is more space
between its molecules)
- what is salinity? - -total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water
- what is the average salinity in the world's oceans? - -3.5% (35 parts per
thousand)
- what are the most abundant salt ions? - -1. chloride
2. sodium
- what is the surface salinity like at the equator? - -salinity is in the middle
(high evaporation & high precipitation)
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