Exam (elaborations)
NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Who has a higher diagnosis & death rate from cancer yearly?men
What are the three common cancers in women?
lung, breast and thyroid
What are the two main dysfunctions of cancer development?
defective cell proliferation (growth) and defective cell differentiation
What undifferentiated cells are present in defective cell proliferation?
stem cells
What is generation time?
time required for a cell to divide
What triggers cell proliferation?
cell degeneration or presence of infection requiring more WBC
where is cell proliferation rapid in the tissues?
bone marrow, hair follicles, epithelial lining of GI tract
where is cell proliferation slow or n/a in the tissues?
myocardium and cartilage
What is cell differentiation?
, cell progresses from a state of immaturity to a state of maturity
What two genes are often mutated by cancer?
protooncogenes and oncogenes
What are protooncogenes?
Normal cellular genes that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation
What are oncogenes?
tumour-inducing genes
What are carcinogens?
Cancer causing agents
What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?
tumor suppressor genes
what cancer is common regarding APC gene?
colon cancer
development of cancer
initiation, promotion, progression
What can carcinogens enter?
cell's nucleus and alter the DNA
What can carcinogens be?
chemical, radiative or viral
Chemical carcinogens
Include certain medications, insecticides, industrial dyes, and benzene.
Carcinogenic Radiation
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