NR 283 EXAM 1, 2, AND 3 | PATHO EXAMS |
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
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NR 283 Exam 1
To remove the CO2, we want the person to be ventilated, which also will
relieve the associated hypoxia from not breathing adequately. Describe the
measures needed to alleviate the contributing factors in the development of
the respiratory acidosis. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------provide
oxygen or mechanical ventilator if the patient is unable to breathe on his or
her own. put the patient in a high fowlers breathing position to allow greater
movement of the chest cavity, begin medications that increase dilation of
bronchi and removal of mucus (liquefy and cough up mucus secretions),
remove obstructions (e.g., food or toy in airway), provide antibiotics for
infectious organisms.
What conditions could cause a mild chronic level of respiratory acidosis
due to the lungs never exhaling the CO2 adequately? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------obstructive sleep apnea or extreme obesity
Describe conditions that would lead to a client breathing faster or
hyperventilating, which leads to respiratory alkalosis ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Acute anxiety or panic attack, pain, fever that tells
the body to breathe faster to increase the oxygen that is needed, gram-
negative septicemia triggering the respiratory center to increase breathing,
levels of mechanical ventilation that are too high, and any state that causes
the metabolism to increase to speed up breathing because more oxygen is
needed.
,Describe the symptoms observed with respiratory alkalosis ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------dizziness, muscle irritability, anxiety,
inability to concentrate, numbness, dry mouth, diaphoresis, seizures,
feelings of faintness, coma
What symptoms are the same for both alkalosis and acidosis? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------dizziness, muscle twitching and
irritability, disorientation and confusion, diaphoresis, coma
What would the respiratory rate range be like if you are experiencing
respiratory alkalosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------it can be as
high as 40/minute, like panting
A. explain why a cast placed around a fractured leg in which extensive
tissue damage has occured might be too tight after after 24 hrs?
B. explain why such a cast might become loose in 3 weeks ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. Inflammation related to tissue
damage causes increasing edema for at least 48 hours under the rigid,
non-expandable cast.
B. Inflammation has subsided and muscle atrophy has occurred because of
immobility.
List specific reasons why the inflammatory response is considered a body
defense mechanism ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pain and
visible redness provide warning of tissue injury. Increased fluid at the site
dilutes any toxic material. Fibrin mesh and leukocytes localize (wall off) the
causative agent. Migration of phagocytic cells, leukocytes, and antibodies
,(globulins) to the area combat or destroy the agent, and remove debris in
preparation for healing.
A. explain the rationale for each of the following with acute inflammation: (i)
warmth, (ii) fever.
B. state three systemic signs of inflammation ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------A. Warmth results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to
the area; fever is caused by the release of pyrogens from WBCs.
B. Low-grade fever occurs with increased WBCs, malaise, anorexia, and
headache.
Explain why leukocytosis, a differential count, and elevated ESR are useful
data but are of limited value ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------They
confirm the presence of inflammation in the body but do not define the
specific cause or location of the problem. In some cases, a differential
count is helpful.
A. explain how acute inflammation predisposes to development of infection
B. classify each as inflammation or infection:
(i) sunburn, (ii) skin rash under adhesive tape, (iii) common cold, (iv) red,
swollen eye with purulent exudate ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
-a. The increased permeability may permit leakage or penetration of toxins
or bacteria (e.g., through the intestinal wall). Any necrosis breaks the
barrier, allowing microbes to invade. The edema or increased interstitial
fluid may impair arterial flow to an area, leading to ischemia and decreased
access of leukocytes to the site. The exudate provides a nutritious medium
for organisms to reproduce.
b. Inflammation accompanies i and ii; infection is associated with iii and iv.
, how does the presence of thick, cloudy, yellowish fluid in the peritoneal
cavity differ from the normal state? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
--Normal fluid should be watery, clear, and colorless.
Thick yellowish fluid often indicates the presence of a bacterial infection
(peritonitis)
What system with about 20 blood plasma proteins gets activated to attack
the bacteria, causing it to let water into the bacteria's cell to swell, burst,
and die? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the complement system
What is the process called that starts with vasodilation; increases
permeability of vessels for the WBCs, macrophages, and plasma to go to
the foreign cells; and forms a coat around the microbe to kill them? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------phagocytosis
Interleukin six is produced primarily by which type of cell?
A. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts
B. Macrophages ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. Macrophages,
lymphocytes, and fibroblasts
Which are the most predominate proinflammatory factors?
A. interleukins
B. RBC
C. WBS ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. interleukins
In regards to wound healing, what is primary union? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Wound edges can be matched together with serum
and regeneration of tissue and connecting capillaries, fibroblasts, and
