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COMPLETE TEST BANK: ESSENTIALS OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 3RD EDITION BY GARRICK BAILEY (AUTHOR
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COMPLETE TEST BANK: ESSENTIALS OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 3RD EDITION BY GARRICK BAILEY (AUTHOR
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COMPLETE TEST BANK:ESSENTIALS OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 3RD EDITION
BY GARRICK BAILEY (AUTHOR)
18
, Chapter 1 Culture
Learning Objectives
After Reading Chapter 2, The Student Should Be Able To:
1. Describe The Anthropological Meaning Of Culture And Its Complexities.
2. Explain Why It Is Usually Mistaken To Equate “Culture” With “Nation” Or “Society.”
3. Discuss The Nonobvious Components Of Cultural Knowledge And Their Importance.
4. Evaluate The Importance Of Culture To Human Life.
Key Terms
Culture (22)
Cultural Identity (23)
Subculture (23)
Enculturation (Socialization)
(24)Patterns Of Behavior (26)
Role (27)
19
,The Anthropology Of Religion, Magic, And Witchcraft
Norm (27)
Values (28)
Symbol (30)
Cultural Construction (31)
World View (34)
Chapter Summary
Anthropologists Use The Concept Of Culture To Understand The Diversity Of Human Experience.
Culture Is The Shared, Socially Learned Knowledge And Patterns Of Behavior That Are Unique
To A Group Of People. Culture Is Not Only Essential For Humanity, But It Is Also The Key To
Our SuccessfulAdaptation In A Wide Variety Of Environments.
Though Definitions Vary Widely, Anthropologists Generally Agree On Certain
Characteristics OfCulture: It Is Learned, Shared, Has A Profound Impact On The Group Of
People Who Share It, And Is Central To Understanding The Different Ways In Which Groups Of
People Act, Think, And Feel. In A Narrow Sense, Culture Can Be Defined As A Mental
Phenomenon; Material Artifacts And Behaviors, For Example, Are Products Of Culture In This
Sense. Broadly Defined, Culture Refers To The Way Of Life Of A Given Group Of People And
Explains The Distinctiveness Of The Group. Culture Is Shared By Definition, And Always
Socially Learned. Biological Differences Do Not Explain Cultural Differences;They Are
Independent Of Each Other. Culture Is Passed From One Generation To The Next, And Trans-
Mitted From Place To Place At Any Given Time.
Attitudes, Beliefs, Assumptions About The World And Other Socially Learned Information
That IsStored In The Mind, Is Called Cultural Knowledge. The Five Components Of Cultural
Knowledge Are:Norms, Values, Symbols, Constructions Of Reality (Including The Natural And
Social Worlds), And World Views Through Which Reality Is Interpreted. Culture Knowledge Is
Learned Through Encultur-Ation. It Is Necessary For Human Existence Because It Enables Us
To Adapt To Our Environments AndProvides The Basis For Human Life, As Well As Shaping
Our View Of Reality.
Lecture Outline
Culture
I. A Definition Of Culture
a. Culture Is Both A Concept And A Word.
b. The Modern Idea Of Culture Developed In The Nineteenth Century.
c. All Human Groups Possess Culture To The Same Degree.
d. Anthropological Definitions Of Culture Share Certain Features.
i. Culture Is Learned From Other People While Growing Up In A Particular
20
, Soci-Ety Or Group.
ii. Culture Is Widely Shared By The Members Of That Society Or Group.
21
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