NR 283: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
NR 283: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2024
what are the clinical manifestation for alterations in arousal? -Correct Answer ✔level of
conscious changes which is the most critical evidence, pattern of breathing evaluates
level of brain dysfunction, pupillary changes indicate level of brain stem dysfunction,
oculomotor responses and motor response which help evaluate level of dysfunction and
damaged side
Brain Death is what? -Correct Answer ✔total brain death, body can no longer maintain
internal homeostasis, unresponsive coma, no spontaneous respirations, no brain stem
function and flat EEG
What is cerebral death? -Correct Answer ✔irreversible coma and death of the cerebral
hemispheres exclusive of the brain stem and cerebellum, and the bran can continue to
maintain internal homeostasis.
what are the 4 types of cerebral death? -Correct Answer ✔coma, vegetative state which
they can open their eyes and have normal sleep, minimal conscious state which they
have small movements and follow commands and locked-in syndrome which the brain
is conscious and body is paralyzed.
what is a seizure -Correct Answer ✔sudden, transient, alteration of brain function
caused by abrupt discharge of cerebral neurons
what is the cause of a seizure -Correct Answer ✔cerebral lesions or trauma,
biochemical disorders
Epilepsy is what, and results from what? -Correct Answer ✔continuous seizure with no
known trigger, results from interaction of mutations and environmental factors and
epileptic neurons.
What are the phases of seizures? -Correct Answer ✔tonic phase which is contraction,
clonic phase which is relaxation and postictal phase which is sleepiness or tired.
what are the CM of seizures? -Correct Answer ✔aura which is a warning sign, prodroma
which are physical symptoms, fatigue, N and headache, increase in oxygen
consumption, prolonged seizure can cause damage
what are the 3 types of dysphasia? -Correct Answer ✔expressive which is Broca and
deficit of expression, receptive which is wernicke and deficit of comprehension, and
transcortical which is echolalia.
NR 283: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
, NR 283: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
what is acute confusional state or ACS -Correct Answer ✔transient disorder of
awareness that result from cerebral dysfunction.
ACS is caused by -Correct Answer ✔secondary to drug intoxication, metabolic disorder,
nervous system disease
ACS cm -Correct Answer ✔impaired or lost detection, inability to concentrate, restless,
irritable, and compulsive behavior
what is delirium -Correct Answer ✔more severe type of ACS, with worsening symptoms.
what is dementia -Correct Answer ✔group of symptoms that cause progressive failure
of cerebral functions of orientation, memory, language, behavior and judgement and
decision making
dementia CM and causes -Correct Answer ✔infection, atherosclerosis, trauma, and
genetics
alzheimer disease or AD is caused by -Correct Answer ✔deficiencies of neurochemical
factors, trauma and genetic mutations
AD pathologic features are -Correct Answer ✔neuron tangles, plaques and
degeneration
AD CM IS WHAT -Correct Answer ✔forgetfulness, emotional upset, memory loss,
confusion, mood changes, problem solving and judgement difficulty
increased intracranial pressure or IICP is caused by and what are the 4 stages -Correct
Answer ✔increased in intracranial content, stage 1 there is no change in ICP, stage 2
there is slight ICP change with expansion, stage 2 there is hypoxic tissue and
deterioration, stage 4 there is herniation of brain tissue
what is a cerebral edema, where does it occur and cause -Correct Answer ✔increase in
fluid in the brain, which occurs after brain injury and will cause harmful effects by
distorting and displacing tissue
what are the types of cerebral edema -Correct Answer ✔vasogenic which is increased
capillary permeability, cytotoxic which is caused by toxins, and interstitial which is seen
with hydrocephalus.
Hydrocephalus is what? -Correct Answer ✔excess fluid within the cranail vault,
subarachnoid space or both
NR 283: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
