Exam (elaborations)
NURS 426- EKG EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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NURS 426- EKG EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS...
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NURS 426- EKG EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERSNormal sinus rhythm - ANSWER Each P wave is followed by a QRS
Regular rhythm
All intervals are normal
Rate 60-100 bpm
Return to isoelectric line
Premature atrial complex - ANSWER -Escaped beat from foci other than SA node
-Generally followed by non-compensatory pause
-AV Ratio 1:1 Conduction
-Rate 60-100
-P wave abnormal shape
-PR interval normal
-Healthy person: no intervention
-Underlying heart disease may indicate onset of other dysrhythmias (SVT)
Causes of PACs - ANSWER -Increased sympathetic tone
-Infection
-Emotional Stress
-Stimulants
-Medications; epinephrine
-Hypoxia
-Digitalis toxicity
- ACS or CHF
, sinus tachycardia - ANSWER -Same as sinus rhythm but >100 bpm
-Increases myocardial oxygen demand (exercise, fever, pain, hypotension, hypovolemia,
anxiety, anemia, pain, hypoglycemia, MI, CHF, hyperthyroid, caffeine, theophylline, etc)
What about cardiac output?
-Treat the underlying cause
-What class of drugs can drop the pulse rate?
sinus bradycardia - ANSWER -Same as NSR but rate less than 60
-Can be normal in athletes and at sleep
-Abnormal if associated with hypothyroidism, elevated ICP, inferior wall MI, Valsalva
maneuver
What can happen to cardiac output? decreased cardiac output resulting in symptoms
such as lightheadedness, dizziness, hypotension, vertigo, and syncope
-Treatment if symptomatic:
atropine
-pacemaker
atrial fibrillation - ANSWER -Atrial electrical activity totally disorganized
-Effective atrial contraction lost. Atria are not squeezing in an organized fashion and
they are quivering
-Can be off and on
-Onset = age
-Associated w/ CAD,LVH, HF, valve disease pericarditis: acutely in thyrotoxicosis,
alcohol, caffeine, stress
-Ventricular response to disorganized electrical impulses > cardiac output
-Very high risk clots in ventricles,> embolus to brain > embolic stroke
-Need anticoagulation
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