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NUR 406 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 7 | A++ EXAM WITH ALL NEW QS & AS - GUARANTEED PASS!
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NUR 406 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 7 | A++ EXAM WITH ALL NEW QS & AS - GUARANTEED PASS!
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NUR 406 Exam 71. Where are the kidneys located
Answer
Cased in fascia and fat between T12 and L3, Retroperitoneal
2. Upper Urinary System
Answer
kidneys and ureters
3. Lower urinary system
Answer
Bladder and urethra
4. What % of cardiac output goes through the kidneys
Answer
20-25% 1000-1300mL/min blood perfuse kidneys
5. Where in the kidneys does urine come from
Answer
It comes from the nephrons in the cortex/medulla
6. Primary functions of the kidney
Answer
1) Filters blood- Removes water soluble waste
2) Helps control BP- Release of Renin
3) Helps maintain blood cell levels- produces erythropoietin (acts in bone marrow)
4) Converts Vitamin D into active form
5) Helps regulate pH
7. Normal GFR
,125 mL/min
8. Normal amount of urine formation per day
Answer
30mL an hour or 1-2L/day
9. Forming Urine
Answer
1) Filtration
cleansing of blood (Hydrostatic pressure in capil- lary)
2) Reabsorption
from filtrate back to bloodstream (capillary oncotic pressure)
3) Secretion of waste product & water into collecting ducts of nephron
4) moves from kidney to ureters to bladder where it is stored
5) removal of urine through urethra (micturition)
10. what is the functional unit of the nephron
Answer
glomerulus
11. Where is the afferent arteriole moving blood?
Answer
towards the capillary
12. Where is the efferent arteriole moving blood?
Answer
away from capsule
13. Glomerulus
,-Glomerular capillaries and Bowman capsule are both made of epithelial cells sitting on a
basement membrane
-share a basement membrane
-epithelial cells of bowman capsule stand up from the basement membrane on foot processes,
leaving pores
14. Nephron Structure
Answer
1) Afferent Arterioles
2) Glomerulus
3) Efferent Arterioles
4) Bowmans capsule
5) Tubular system
most of nephron is in the cortex
15. Nephron Function
Answer
Blood filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerular capillaries in bowmans
capsule
16. what is filtrate composed of
Answer
water, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), glu- cose and small proteins
17. What is ascites usually derived from?
Answer
from a lack of oncotic pressure
18. Hydrostatic pressure
Answer
-push pressure made up of volume of blood/water
-hydrostatic pressure goes up with volume
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, 19. Oncotic pressure
Answer
-made up of albumin, pull pressure
-pulls volume back in because hydrostatic pressure is lower at venule end
20. Constrictors
Answer
-Endothelins
-Angiotensin II
-ADH
21. Dilators
Answer
-Dopmine
-Nitric Oxide
-Prostaglandins
22. What are NSAIDS
Answer
antiprostaglandins
23. What meds should you avoid with low GFR/renal disease
Answer
avoid prostaglandin inhibitors (NSAIDS) because they vasoconstrict
24. What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do?
Answer
links changes in GFR to renal blood flow and makes and secretes renin
25. Glomerular filtrate is similar to blood except it does not contain
Answer
blood, platelets, or large plasma proteins
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