NUR 406 EXAM 3
1. amenorrhea
primary no menses before age 16 secondary
abnormal absence of menstruation for > 3 months
2. climacteric
The period of endocrinal, somatic, and transitory psychological changes occurring in 1the
transition to menopause.
3. Condyloma
a raised growth on the skin resembling a wart, typically in the genital region, caused by viral
infection or syphilis and transmissible by contact.
4. Cryotherapy
a technique that uses an extremely cold liquid or instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal skin
cells that require removal
5. Cystocele
is a medical condition that occurs when the tough fibrous wall be- tween a woman's bladder and
her vagina (the pubocervical fascia) is torn by childbirth, allowing the bladder to herniate into
the vagina
6. dysmenorrhea
pain with menstruation
primary
,no underlying disease, d/t prostaglandins F anf F, treat with OCPs, NSAIDs, exercise, rest, heat,
good nutrition
secondary
reproductive tract pathology, secondary to PID, endometriosis, anatomic anaomalies
7. dysplasia
an abnormality of development; in pathology, alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult
cells
8. Dyspareunia
painful intercourse; persistent or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during or after
intercourse.
9. menarche
Establishment of the menstrual function; the time of the first menstrual period.
10. menorrhagia
abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding.
11. Rectocele
Bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina.
12. osteoporosis
occurs when the amount of calcium present in the bones slowly dereases to a point where the
bones become brittle and prone to fracture. Over time, bone mass, and therefore bone strength, is
decreased. menopause accelerates bone loss
,13. metrorrhagia
Uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods.
14. chances of getting breast cancer
1 in 8
15. ductal cancer
malignant cells grow along the ducts or thin tubes connecting the lobes of the breast to the
nipple
16. lobular cancer
the cancer cells develop within the lobules of the milk-secreting glands at the end of the ducts
17. risk factors for breast cancer
family hx (biggest risk), age, history of benign breast cancer, starting menstruation before age
12, going through menopause late (after age 55), never giving birth, first pregnancy after age
30, possibly alcohol consumption and a high-fat diet
18. warning signs and symptoms of breast cancer
a lump or thickening in the breast or armpit, any flattening or indentation of the skin of the breast,
any puckering, pitting, or dimpling of the breast, any change in the position, size, or color of the
breast, clear or bloody discharge from a nipple, a retracted nipple, redness of the breast skin
19. breast self-exams
should be performed once a month about one week after menstruation because the hormones
are the lowest
, 20. mammograms
detect tumors before they are detectable by a physical exam baseline should be performed
between ages 35-40, after age 40 it is done once every 1-2 years, after age 50 should be done
once a year; if younger than 40 with a family hx, may want a mammogram sooner than age 40
21. reduce the risk of breast cancer
eating a low fat diet exercise
breast-feeding for more than 4 months
22. lumpectomy
treatment of breast cancer
go in and remove the tumor followed by radiation
23. simple mastectomy
treatment of breast cancer removal of breast that contained the tumor
24. modified radical mastectomy
treatment of breast cancer
remove breast tissue, skin, fascia of pectoral muscle, dissection of axillary nodes
25. radical mastectomy
remove breast tissue, pectoral muscle, axillary node dis- section
26. breast cancer postop treatment
radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, tamoxifen (estrogen angonist given to women who