100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
BIOL 1410 Practice Midterm 2 Questions With Correct Solutions $17.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

BIOL 1410 Practice Midterm 2 Questions With Correct Solutions

1 review
 11 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

BIOL 1410 Practice Midterm 2 Questions With Correct Solutions

Preview 3 out of 17  pages

  • October 24, 2024
  • 17
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: leonardmuriithi061 • 2 days ago

avatar-seller
BIOL 1410 Practice Midterm 2 Questions With Correct
Solutions, Already Passed!!


Anatomy - ANSWER The study of internal and external structures -- the
relationships among body parts.
Example. Bone and muscle

Gross Anatomy - ANSWER A subdivision of anatomy that deals with structures
visible to the unaided eye.
Example. Bones

Micro anatomy - ANSWER A subdivision of anatomy which requires the use of a
microscope.

Cytology - ANSWER Subdivision of micro anatomy:
The study of internal structures of individual cells. Cytologists study internal
structures of cells.

Histology - ANSWER Subdivision of micro anatomy:
The study of tissues (groups of cells).

Chemical Level of Organization (1) - ANSWER -Basic level
-Atoms (Ex. H and O atoms)
-Atoms join to form molecules (Ex. H2O, water)

Cellular Level of Organization (2) - ANSWER -Molecules form organelles which
form cells
-The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of life
•All cells contain chemicals but functions may differ (Ex. Red blood cells, neurons,
muscle cells)

Tissue Level of Organization (3) - ANSWER -A group of structurally similar cells
with a common function
-4 major tissues:
a) Epithelium
b) Connective Tissue (CT)
c) Muscle
d) Nervous

Organ Level of Organization (4) - ANSWER 2 or more tissues working together for
a common function
Ex. The stomach uses all 4 major tissues; it's function is digestion.

Organ System Level of Organization (5) - ANSWER Several related organs that
work together to accomplish a common purpose.
Ex. The respiratory system uses the trachea, bronchi, lungs and more to accomplish
the function of respiration.

,Organism Level of Organization (6) - ANSWER All organ systems function together
to maintain life (human being).
Note: Levels of organization is a hierarchy--each level contains those below.

Structure of an Atom - ANSWER The nucleus contains protons (p^+): positive
charge, and neurons (n^0): neutral charge. Electrons (e^-): negative charge, orbit the
nucleus.
Atoms are electrically neutral --> the number of protons is equal to the number of
electrons. Note that the number of neutrons may not be equal to these.

Ions - ANSWER If an atom gains or loses an electron, it is no longer electrically
neutral and becomes an ion. Atoms that gain(s) an electron(s) become negative ions
and are called anions. Atoms that lose an electron(s) become positive ions and are
called cations.

Important Ions (Electrolytes) (5) - ANSWER 1) Calcium (Ca^++)
2) Sodium (Na^+)
3) Potassium (K^+)
4) Hydrogen (H^+)
5) Chloride (Cl^-)

Chemical Bonds - ANSWER Bond (holds) atoms together to form molecules. They
allow the formation of chemical compounds that may be organic or inorganic.

Ionic Bond - ANSWER Type of chemical bond where ions are formed--electrons
transfer from one atom to another.
Ex. In NaCl, Na loses an electron while Cl gains an electron. The positive (Na+) and
negative (Cl-) ions attract, forming the bond. In water, NaCl dissociates
(dissolves/separates/ionizes) back into it's ions (Na+, Cl-).

Covalent Bond - ANSWER Type of chemical bond where electrons are shared
between atoms.
Ex. CH4

Organic Substances - ANSWER Contain covalently bonded carbon (C) atoms.
Ex. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Inorganic Substances - ANSWER Usually lack carbon.
Ex. NaCl, H2O, O2

The exceptions to the carbon ruling include:
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Bicarbonate (HCO3^-)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Monoxide (CO)

Water (inorganic) - ANSWER -Water is the most abundant substance in cells.
-It contains two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom.
-Many reactions of the body either take place in or involve water.

, -It is a polar molecule which transports chemicals like O2 and nutrients.
-It maintains body temperature at 37°C.

Polar Molecules - ANSWER Contain an unequal sharing of electrons which leads to
a slight charge difference.

Acids - ANSWER -May be organic or inorganic.
-Acids dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen atoms (H^+).
•As [H+] increases, pH decreases
•Ex. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water ==> H+ + Cl-

Bases - ANSWER -May be organic or inorganic.
-In water, bases bind to free H+ atoms
•As [H+] decreases, pH increases
•Ex. NaOH in water ==> Na+ + OH- (hydroxyl ion); then OH- (base) + H+ ==> water
•Ex. HCO3- (bicarbonate; base) + H+ ==> H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
•Note: OH- and HCO3- act as bases by binding to the free H+ ions

pH Scale - ANSWER -Reflects the concentration of free H+ in a solution.
-Basic --> acidic: increasing [H+]

0 ==========> 7.0 ==========> 14
acidic neutral basic(=alkaline)

-Ex. pH of blood ~7.35 - 7.45

Carbohydrate - ANSWER -An important organic substance consisting of C, H, O
-Chemical formula: C(H2O)n (n=#)
-Functions:
•Source of energy for cells Ex. Glucose (C6H12O6)
•Used to build cellular structures Ex. DNA and RNA

Monosaccharides - ANSWER Simple sugars which are the basic building blocks of
other carbohydrates (CHO).
Ex. Glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose

Disaccharides - ANSWER The result of two monosaccharides covalently bonded
together.
Ex. Glucose + fructose ==> sucrose

Polysaccharides - ANSWER The result of many monosaccharides (basic building
blocks) bonded together.
Ex. Glycogen (animals) and starch (plants)

Lipids - ANSWER -Composed of C, H and O atoms (different ratio than
carbohydrates), they are insoluble (non-polar) in water.
-Ex. Fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, fatty acids (FA)
-Function:
a) Protect organs (padding)
b) Component of cell membranes

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tutorsection1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$17.99
  • (1)
  Add to cart