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RNSG 2432 Exam 1: Heart Failure, Hemodynamic Monitoring Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version $13.49   Add to cart

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RNSG 2432 Exam 1: Heart Failure, Hemodynamic Monitoring Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version

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  • RNSG 2432

most common reason for hospitalization in older adults heart failure primary reason pts w/ HF come in to hospital SOB typical presentation of HF looks like SOB coughing tiredness ascites swelling in legs and ankles define heart failure Clinical syndrome that can result from a...

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  • October 24, 2024
  • 42
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • RNSG 2432
  • RNSG 2432
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RNSG 2432 Exam 1: Heart Failure,
Hemodynamic Monitoring Questions
and Correct Answers the Latest Update
and Recommended Version
most common reason for hospitalization in older adults

✓ heart failure


primary reason pts w/ HF come in to hospital

✓ SOB


typical presentation of HF looks like

✓ SOB
✓ coughing
✓ tiredness
✓ ascites
✓ swelling in legs and ankles


define heart failure

✓ Clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that
impairs the hearts ability to fill with or eject blood.


categories of HF

✓ left or right sides
✓ diastolic or systolic
✓ acute or chronic




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"acute on chronic" HF is

✓ an acute exacerbation of a chronic condition


in HF, ventricles lose their ability to

✓ relax (diastolic) or contract (systolic) normally


Primary risk factors for heart failure

✓ Hypertension
✓ Coronary artery disease (CAD)
✓ Myocardial infarction (MI)⟶ caused damage to heart
✓ Cardiomyopathy⟶ viral, postpartum, substance abuse (cocaine, meth, stimulants)
✓ Valvular heart disease
✓ Myocarditis
✓ Congenital heart defects
✓ Rheumatic heard disease
✓ Hyperthyroidism


top three risk factors for HF

✓ HTN
✓ CAD
✓ MI

✓ anything that makes the heart work harder can contribute


Contributing factors for heart failure




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✓ Advancing age
✓ Diabetes
✓ Tobacco use
✓ Obesity
✓ Hypercholesterolemia
✓ Anemia
✓ Dysrhythmias
✓ Pulmonary embolism⟶ clot in lung causes pressure build up, heart must work harder


part of the heart that is the main concern for most patients

✓ left ventricle


Cardiac preload

✓ volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (relaxation)



how do we ↓ preload

✓ diuretics
✓ vasodilators (nitroglycerin)⟶ vasodilation⟶ ↓ SV⟶ ↓ CO


Cardiac afterload

✓ pressure the left ventricle has to pump against to circulate blood



↑ afterload =

✓ ↑ cardiac workload


Cardiac Output (CO):



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✓ the volume of blood being pumped per minute by each ventricle of the heart. (L/min)


Stroke Volume (SV):

✓ the volume of blood being pumped during each contraction. (L/beat)


Frank-Starling law:

✓ the more myocardial fibers stretched the greater contraction⟶ like a rubber band, and
can also be stretched too far


Ejection Fraction (EF):

✓ % of blood forced out of the left ventricle w/ each beat


normal EF

✓ 55-60%


if EF is good but have HF symptoms, what kind of HF is it?

✓ diastolic HF


Mean arterial pressure (MAP):

✓ the average pressure in the arteries.
✓ best indicator of tissue perfusion⟶ tells you when it's too low
✓ >60 mmHg TO PERFUSE ORGANS


formula for MAP




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