The Heart
One way blood circuit.
Apex
Inferior pointed tip of heart directed toward the left.
Base
Superior, for attachment of the large vessels that carry blood in and out of the heart.
Endocardium
Inner heart layer, smooth for easy blood flow.
Myocardium
The cardiac muscle, thickest...
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✓ Outer layer of the pericardium, anchored to the diaphragm and sternum.
Serous Layer
✓ Lines the sac, folds over the heart, has 3 layers.
Visceral Epicardium
✓ Serous Membrane inner layer of the outer most layer (pericardium), directly covering the
outer surface of the heart.
Parietal Pericardium
✓ Outer Layer of the Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
✓ Contains pericardial fluid that reduces friction on the heart.
Cardiac Muscle (Myocadrium)
✓ Has striated, branching cells, each with a nucleus and many mitochandria that require a
lot of O2 to work.
Intercalated Discs
✓ Cardiac cells that are connected for the rapid transfer of impulses from one end of the
heart to the other so the heart beats in a coordinated manner.
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