Exam (elaborations)
NR 222 Unit 1 Test Questions and Answers
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Exam of 9 pages for the course NR222 at NR222 (NR 222 Unit 1)
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NR 222 Unit 1Health Care Models
Health belief model - answer In this model or theory, perceptions are modified by the
environment, creating the likelihood that the individual will alter perceptions to gain
better health or wellness
Most important aspect is susceptibility.
Health Care Models
Health promotion model - answer This model focuses on 3 areas.
1. Individual characteristic and experience.
2.behavior specific knowledge and affect.
3.behavioral outcomes.
Health Care Models
Maslow's hierarchy of needs - answer This model is used to understand the basic
interrelationships of basic human needs. The higher needs can only be met when the
ones beneath are have been met satisfactorily.
self actualization
self esteem needs
love and belonging needs
safety and security needs ( physical and psychological)
physiological needs
Health Care Models
Holistic Health Model - answerOne of several models that view health by considering:
emotional
spiritual
cultural well-being
This model understands the natural healing and alternative complimentary ideas to
maintain wellness and achieve health and healing.
Health Care Models
Transtheoretical Model of Change - answerThe transtheoretical model of change is a
widely used model in smoking cessation clinics throughout the country and frames
behavioral changes to improve health through motivational levels or stages.
stages of health behavior change
, Precontemplative- not considering change, RN role-educator, educate the risks.
Advocate, access their willingness.
Contemplative- Aware of but not considering change soon RN role- motivation, open to
education, access their barrier. Counselor, listen.
Preparation- Planning to act soon RN role- provide options. Educate treatment options.
Process of change. Guide the patients.
Action- Has begun to make behavioral change (recent) RN role- supporter, coach,
adjust the plan, caregiver identifies barriers. Additional resources. Educate.
Maintenance- Continued to commitment to behavior (long term) RN role- support,
mentor. Identify other issues or provide long term resources. Researcher, see what
helped an common patterns that helped.
Relapse- Reverts back to old behavior RN role- find other alternative solutions, educate.
Levels of Prevention
Primary level - answerThe goal of primary prevention is to stop illness or injury before it
happens.
Health promotion- For instance, antismoking laws are a form of primary prevention,
Specific protection- immunizations, flu vaccines, seat belts, and sunscreen.
The role of the nurse is to promote, and educate patients.
Both active and passive health promotion.
Passive example-efforts to introduce vitamin D to ensure children without sunlight will
not get rickets.
Active- Exercise as part of a physical fitness plan.
Levels of Prevention
Secondary level - answerThis level of prevention ranges from providing screening
activities and treating early stages of disease. Limiting disability by adverting or delaying
disease. Nurses role is to educate or to modify patient behaviors.
Levels of Prevention
Tertiary level - answerThis level of prevention occurs when a defect or disability is
permanent or irreversible. Focuses on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain
optimal level of health. Example, person with a stroke rehabilitating to the highest level
of function and teaching lifestyle changes to prevent future strokes. The role of the
nurse is to educate.
Nursing - answerAmerican Nurses Association's (ANA, 2010) definition of nursing.
"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention
of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and
populations"
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