Exam (elaborations)
BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy. Questions And Answers
- Course
- Bsc 108 kennedy
- Institution
- University Of Alabama - Birmingham
BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy. Questions And Answers
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BSC 108 Exam 3 KennedyThe structure of a strand of DNA. - ✅✅ -it is a double helix, like a twisted
ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to
the sugar phosphate backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate
group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✅✅-adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
thymine
✅✅-through a hydrogen bond
How are the subunits held together? -
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✅✅-Adenine and
thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✅✅ -the parent strand breaks off into two and
then enzymes (DNA polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to
each side, creating two separate daughter strands
✅✅
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double
helix called? - -the origins of replication
✅✅
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? -
-replication bubbles, they are created because at the origin the
replication process proceeds in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✅✅ -It is the location where the parent
cells is separating and the complimentary nucleotide is being added
creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✅✅ -Phenotypes
arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. To get these proteins
this is what happens. DNA transfers genetic information through
transcription to RNA. Then through translation genetic info is transferred
from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand)
What is the structure of RNA? - ✅✅ -It is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
it is the same as DNA except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the
sugar phosphate backbone and it uses uracil instead of thymine
, What is the function of mRNA? - ✅✅ -Messenger molecules carry the
coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✅✅ -ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that
coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA and actually make
polypeptides
✅✅
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? -
-transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✅✅-Transcription is
the synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✅✅ -It is the synthesis
of a polypeptide (later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA
occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✅✅ -It is made of a single strand of RNA.
consisting of about 80 nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself,
forming several double-stranded regions in which short stretches of RNA
base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of bases called
anticodons. it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other
side there is an amino acid attachment site.
What is a mutation? - ✅✅ -It is a change in the genetic material (the
nucleotide sequence) of a cell's DNA.
What is a point mutation? - ✅✅-It is a change in once base pair of a
gene.
What is a plasmid? - ✅✅ -A small ring of self-replicating DNA separate
from the larger chromosomes. Plasmids are most frequently derived from
bacteria. they can carry any gene and are passed from generation to
generation. making them perfect for genetic cloning.
What is a genetically modified organism? - ✅✅ -It is an organism that has
acquired one or more genes by artificial means.
What is a transgenic organism? - ✅✅ -it is an organism that contains
genes from another organism, typically of another species.
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