Pyelonephritis - ANSWERSinflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANSWERSInterstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANSWERSI...
NSG 530 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
Pyelonephritis - ANSWERSinflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANSWERSInterstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to
multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANSWERSInflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANSWERSFrequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANSWERScancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANSWERSsmall, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of the
kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWERSrare and primarily arises in the renal
parenchyma and renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWERSa malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is
often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in
older men. Gross painless hematuria
Gomerulonephritis - ANSWERSinflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANSWERSinflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys
that occurs independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an acute
infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANSWERSinflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys
that results from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANSWERSHematuria with red blood cell casts,
proteinuria with albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
, Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWERSloss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually
albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWERSMembranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
-systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANSWERScongenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is
on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANSWERSOpening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
Chordee - ANSWERSa downward curvature of the penis, often associated with
hypospadias
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) - ANSWERSA rapidly developing malignancy of the
kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5. Normally found by parents due to
swelling.
PCOS diagnosis - ANSWERSHave to have two of the following:
-Irregular ovulation
-Elevated levels of androgen
-Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) - ANSWERSAn endocrine disorder associated
with chronic anovulation, most common in young women (teens to twenties). High
LH/FSH ratio in blood; A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts
on the outer edges.
Chlamydia - ANSWERSA bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both
males and females. Can cause permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system.
Can also cause ectopic pregnancy.
Symptoms of Chlamydia - ANSWERSurethritis; penile and vaginal discharges;
abdominal, rectal, or testicular pain; painful intercourse; irregular menses
Syphilis - ANSWERSan STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a
small bacterium called a spirochete. 3 phases
Primary stage of syphilis - ANSWERSthe first few weeks of a syphilis infection during
which the chancre is present and can be present on the mouth, penis, vagina, anus
secondary stage of syphilis - ANSWERSSkin rashes and/or sores in the mouth, vagina,
or anus. A rash that appears on the soles of the feet or palms. Fever, swollen lymph
nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, fatigue
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