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NUR 405 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 2 | A+ RATED GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 405 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 2 | A+ RATED GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 405 Exam 21. Conduction System
1. want impulse to start at SA node (special cells that create that impulse)
2. impulse goes in both atriums
3. then converges into AV node (junction)
4. go down right/left branches simultaneously
5. need electrical system to work adequately then need muscular system to contract electricity
can last longer than muscular system
2. cardiac cells
Answer
1. Automaticity
ability of pacemaker cells to generate electrical impulses
2. Excitability
Answer
ability of electrical cell to respond to stimulus
3. Conductivity
Answer
ability of cardiac cells to accept and transmit stimulus
,4. Contractility
Answer
ability of cardiac cells to shorten and cause muscle contraction
5. pacemaker cells in SA node very important—> also some in AV junction, ventricles
6. cardiac cells can respond, conduct, contract to electricity
3. Cardiac Dysrhythmias
Answer
1. Any disturbance in origin, rate, rhythm, or conduction
-disorders of impulse formation
-disorders of impulse conduction (altered automaticity - inherent ability to depolarize
spontaneously to threshold potential without ext. stimuli)
2. What are the hemodynamic consequences of arrhythmias? from none to death
-what does the patient look like?
-patient in PACU HR of 42—> baseline for pt, not SOB/diaphoretic/pale/chest pain, bp w HR of
42?
-if everything is normal w HR of 42 not concerned—> may be a runner
-compared to older person w HR of 42 w physical symptoms and not waking up post op call
anesthesiologist, give fluids, look at hx, meds to increase HR?
3. 12L EKG/ECG
-any disturbance in origin, rate, rhythm, or conduction
4. Determine rate
Answer
30 large boxes = 6sec of ECG - count the #Rwaves, multiply by 10
4. Classifications of Dysrhythmias
,1. Sinus
-impulse starts at SA node
2. Atrial
-somewhere in atria
3. Junctional
-AV node/junction (uncommon)
4. Heart Blocks
-started in SA node and blocked 1/2 way down—> hemodynamic issues (don't need to know
either)
5. Ventricular
-started in ventricles, lethal dysrhythmias (need to know)
5. Depolarization/Repolarization
-electrolytes that are important for heart function
-if too high/low can cause dysrhythmias—> might be able to fix electrolytes
Answer
1. Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium
2. Cardiac muscle contraction caused by electrolyte exchange in cardiac cells
3. Depolarization
4. Repolarization
5. Na-K pump (high K and low Na inside & high Na and low K outside)
6. Electrocardiogram
Answer
1. ECG/EKG
2. Bedside monitors
, 3-5 leads
-seen right next to pt in ER/critical care
3. Telemetry
-doesn't show continuous rhythm
4. Portable monitors
-for pt who needs to be EKG monitored when going for a test
5. 12-lead electrocardiogram
-(12 views of heart) only 10 stickers
6. Ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring (Holter)
-for home use similar to 12 lead EKG monitor then take diary of what they were doing and
symptoms to analyze and see what was going on
7. lead placement
Answer
1. different for each hospital
2. white on right, white and black are opposite, snow over trees, smoke over fire, chocolate
close to the heart
-between intercostal spaces
3. change leads every 24 hrs
8. Calculate HR
Answer
1. On monitor and on strip
2. Quick way
Answer
# of QRS complexes in 6 seconds X 10
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