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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) FINAL | GRADED A+ | PASSED | NEW FULL EXAM ACTUAL
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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) FINAL | GRADED A+ | PASSED | NEW FULL EXAM ACTUAL
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NUR 339 Final1. Coronary circulation
Answer
two main coronary arteries, lefts and right arteries arise from aortic arch just past aortic valve
2. left coronary artery splits to-
Answer
-become left anterior descending- supplies LV, anterior portion of septum, papillary muscle;
circumflex- supplies lt. lateral wall of LV
3. right coronary artery
Answer
supplies SA node (pace maker) and RV; extends to back of heart' posterior descending artery
supplies posterior septum, ventricle, and posterior papillary muscle
4. control of coronary circulation
Answer
coronary arteries are mostly perfuse during diastole (rest of the body is perfused by systole)
5. Preload
Answer
stretch (length) of LV myocardial fibers at end of diastole; mainly deter- mined by venous
return; filling volume of heart
6. frank-starling law
Answer
greater the stretch, the greater the force of contraction
7. Increased preload
Answer
as preload increases, stroke volume and cardiac output increases; increased blood volume (fluid
overload), heart valve regurgitation, septal defects
,8. Decreased preload
Answer
decreased blood volume (dehydration)
9. Medication that decreases preload
Answer
diuretics (furosemide)
10. Afterload
Answer
resistance to ventricular ejection, pressure ventricle must overcome to pump out blood; largely
determined by BP (hypertension- increased afterload)
11. Afterload increased
Answer
as afterload increases, stroke volume and cardiac output decreases
12. Medication that decreases afterload
Answer
antihypertensive meds, vasodilators, beta blockers, alpha blockers
13. atherosclerosis
Answer
major causes of CHD, narrowing of coronary arteries due to buildup of plaque (buildup of
lipids)
14. Plaque formation
Answer
plaque partially occludes vessel and causes ischemia; lipid core may grow, rupture, hemorrhage
15. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Answer
heart disease caused by impaired coronary blood flow; main cause is atherosclerosis
, 16. Chronic ischemic heart disease
Answer
stable angina, variant angina, silent MI (with- out symptoms)
17. Acute coronary syndrome
Answer
unstable angina, myocardial infarction (Non-ST segment elevation MI; ST-segment elevation
MI)
18. Angina
Answer
chest pain or pressure associated with transient myocardial ischemia; pain typically lasts 2-10
minutes and relieved with rest or vasodilators
19. stable angina
Answer
short lived; occurs after exertion, exposure to cold or stress; relieved by rest or use of NTG;
caused by fixed obstruction due to atherosclerosis
20. Unstable angina
Answer
unpredictable; may occur at rest and is usually prolonged; new onset or exertional angina with
increase in severity; caused by plaque disruption
21. variant angina
Answer
caused by vasospasm rather than atherosclerotic plaque; pain usually occurs at rest, during
sleep, with minimal exercise or stress; pain often follows cyclic pattern (happens at same time
every day); treated with calcium channel antagonist, short and long term nitrates
22. myocardial infarction (MI)
Answer
loss of coronary blood flow and subsequent death of myocardial cells and tissue; usually due to
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