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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) FINAL EXAM | A+ RATED GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) FINAL EXAM | A+ RATED GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 339 Final Exam1. What is atherosclerosis?
Answer
Inflammatory response to injury to vascular endothelium
2. How is atherosclerosis formed?
Answer
-Injury attracts macrophages to area which digest and transport lipids to the arterial wall
forming fatty streaks
-Fibrous capsule forms over lipids (plaque)
-Plaque protrudes into artery
3. How does atherosclerosis contribute to CV disease?
Answer
-Narrowing of the artery (plaque buildup)
-More likely for clots to build up
4. What is the function of cholesterol?
Answer
Used for hormone synthesis and cell membrane formation
5. Where does cholesterol come from?
Answer
Liver and food
6. What do LDLs do?
Answer
Transports cholesterol and triglycerides into the cell and arterial walls (bad cholesterol)
7. What do HDLs do?
,Answer
-Transports cholesterol away from the arterial walls (good cholesterol)
-Moves cholesterol to liver for excretion
8. What are triglycerides?
Answer
-Stored in adipose tissue
-Used for energy
-Increase after meals, with diabetes, alcohol, stress, obesity
9. What is the relationship between triglycerides and LDLs?
Answer
Direct correlation
10. What should you teach patients that are scheduled to get a lipid panel done?
Answer
Fast before test
11. What are some examples of modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
Answer
-
-Diet
-Exercise
-Smoking
-High cholesterol
-HTN
-Diabetes
-Obesity
12. What are some examples of nonmodifiable risk factors of atherosclero- sis?
Answer
-Family history/genetics
,-Age
-Gender
Answer
men > women
-Race
Answer
higher in african americans
-Premature menopause
-Preeclampsia
13. What is the definition of ischemia?
Answer
-Vessel partially occluded (inadequate blood and oxygen supply)
-Damage is reversible if oxygen supply restored (medication or rest)
14. What is the definition of infarction?
Answer
-Vessel totally occluded (no blood or oxygen supply, blocked by thrombus)
-Permanent damage, not reversible
15. What are the two parts that the left coronary artery (LCA) splits into?
Answer
Left anterior descending (LAD) and the circumflex
16. What is an echocardiogram used for?
Answer
-Ultrasound of the heart
-Size, shape, motion of cardiac structures
-Shows direction and velocity of blood flow
, 17. What is a stress test used for?
Answer
Evaluate for cardiac ischemia and myocardial oxygen demands
18. What is radiology used for?
Answer
-After MI to determine extent of damage
-Along with stress test
19. What is a cardiac catheterization used for?
Answer
Diagnose heart disease and diseases of blood vessels
20. What are the post procedure nursing interventions for a cardiac catheter- ization?
Answer
-Bed rest for 2-6 hours
-Assess lower extremity temp and color
-Push fluids to prevent CIN
21. What is the definition of ejection fraction?
Answer
The percent of blood pumped out of the LV each time it contracts
22. What is considered normal ejection fraction?
Answer
55-70%
23. What does it mean if you have a low ejection fraction?
Answer
Sign of poor LV function
24. What stimulates positive and negative chronotropy, dromotropy, and in- otropy?
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