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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 17 | GRADED A+ | PASSED | NEW FULL EXAM ACTUAL
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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 17 | GRADED A+ | PASSED | NEW FULL EXAM ACTUAL
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NUR 339 Exam 171. What is neoplasia?
Answer
new growth of cells disorder of altered cell differentiation and GROWTH
2. What is a neoplasm?
Answer
tumor
3. What is cell proliferation?
Answer
process that provides body with means for replacing cells as needed
usually has a balance between # cells dying and # cells proliferating
4. what is cell differentiation?
Answer
process by which proliferating cells are transformed into specialized cell types, which determines
their function
5. What kind of cells remain incompletely differentiated throughout life?
Answer
stem cells
6. What is anaplasia?
Answer
lack of cell differentiation
7. G1 (Gap 1)
Answer
1st stage of cell cycle cell prepares to make DNA
8. S phase
,Answer
DNA synthesis
**most mutations occur during this phase**
9. G2 phase
Answer
cell prepares for mitosis (cell division)
10. M phase
Answer
mitosis
11. G0 phase
Answer
resting phase (becomes mitotically dormant)
12. what are entry into and progression thru cell cycle phases controlled by?
Answer
proteins called cyclins and their inhibitors
13. 2 tissue types of neoplasms
Answer
parenchymal (organ cells) stromal (supporting tissue-connective, vascular)
14. benign neoplasms
Answer
well-differentiated cells slow growth rate
localized
less blood supply
15. naming benign tumors
,tissue name + "-oma" ex. osteoma = benign bone tumor
16. malignant neoplasms
Answer
cancer atypical cell structure
lose differentiation or resemblance to origin cell irregular growth; no capsule
invade adjacent cells more blood supply
17. what is the hallmark sign of malignancy?
Answer
ability to metastasize or spread to distant sites
18. naming epithelial tissue tumors
Answer
tissue name + "carcinoma"
19. naming mesenchymal tissue tumors
Answer
tissue name + "sarcoma"
20. How do most cancers metastasize?
Answer
in the blood or the lymph
21. What do cancer cells need in order to survive in the body?
Answer
nutrition/O2/en- ergy
evade the immune system more resilient to normal cells
22. What abilities does the tumor need to metastasize?
, produce enzymes that can lyse through their current organ cavity
enzymes to get into the blood/lymph system withstand pressure and new environment avoid the
immune system/WBCs
23. where do surviving cancer cells go when they leave the lymph nodes?
Answer
-
enter venous blood and are carried to major organs
Answer
bone, lungs, and brain
24. what is another name for an original tumor?
Answer
primary neoplasm
25. What is another name for the metastatic site?
Answer
secondary neoplasm
26. What is the growth fraction (GF) of a tumor?
Answer
ratio of dividing cells/ G0 cells (resting)
27. What types of cancers have a high growth fraction?
Answer
aggressive cancers
28. what kind of tissues are chemotherapeutic drugs much more toxic to?
Answer
tis- sues that have a high growth fraction (aggressive cancers)
29. What is the doubling time (TD) of a tumor?
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