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BNNS501 exam 2 study guide with complete solutions

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  • 2024/2025
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  • 2024/2025

BNNS501 exam 2 study guide with complete solutions pulmonary circulation - Ans:-carries deoxygenated blood from right side of heart via pulmonary trunk to lungs, then returns o2 blood to left side of the heart via pulmonary veins Systemic circulation - Ans:-Carries o2 blood from left side of th...

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  • October 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • 2024/2025
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BNNS501 exam 2 study guide with
complete solutions


pulmonary circulation - Ans:✔✔-carries deoxygenated blood from right side of heart via pulmonary

trunk to lungs, then returns o2 blood to left side of the heart via pulmonary veins


Systemic circulation - Ans:✔✔-Carries o2 blood from left side of the heart to all parts of the body (except

lungs) via aorta and returns co2 blood back to right side of the body via vena cava


coronary circulation - Ans:✔✔-circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen

and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue (myocardium)


Pericardium - Ans:✔✔-Superficial layer of the heart. Protects heart because of tough, dense, inflexible

connective tissue. Stops heart from overfilling anchors heart to surrounding structures. Has two layers

(partienal and visceral)


Myocardium - Ans:✔✔-Middle layer of heart. Cardiac muscle that pumps blood


endocardium - Ans:✔✔-Deepest layer of heart. Thin, shiny, smooth lining that covers heart valves. Has

thin connective layer underneath and minimising surface friction as blood flows through the heart.




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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




3x functions of blood - Ans:✔✔-1. Transport (o2&co2 to and from lungs, nutrients from GI tract to

tissues, wastes from cells to kidneys, hormones from glands to organs)


2. Regulation (pH levels, body temp, h2o levels)


3. Protections (Antibodies and WBC destroy pathogens, Haemostasis prevents blood loss)


Hormone responsible for RBC production? (erythropoiesis) - Ans:✔✔-Erythropoeitin (EPO)


Name of immature RBC - Ans:✔✔-reticulocyte


Neutrophils - Ans:✔✔-Located in blood. Most abundant type of WBC (40-70%) engulfs pathogens via

phagocytosis and responds aggressively toward bacteria.


Lymphocytes - Ans:✔✔-Located in lymphatic system. Identifies and coordinates immune response to

antigens by creating antibodies. Attacks tumours and viruses. Includes: T-cells, B-cells and natural killer

cells.


Monocytes - Ans:✔✔-produced in the bone marrow, enter the circulation, and migrate to the

inflammatory site, where they develop into macrophages. Largest type of WBC, act as phagocytes.


Macrophages - Ans:✔✔-Found in blood and tissues. Detection and destruction of pathogens, are

phagocytes.




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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Eosinophils - Ans:✔✔-Found in gut, adipose tissue, bone marrow and thymus. Combat parasites and

helminths. Involved in allergic response.


Basophils - Ans:✔✔-Found in blood. Key in inflammatory reactions, produces histamines


Location of WBC - Ans:✔✔-Blood vessels, lymphathic system, skin, lungs, spleen


Clotting Factor - Ans:✔✔-Inactive blood proteins which rapidly become active enzymes when needed


3x functions of platelets - Ans:✔✔-1. Releases chemicals that promote blood clotting


2. Aggregate other platelets


3. Helps prevent blood loss by forming platelet plug in damaged tissue


Fibrinolysis - Ans:✔✔-Process of dissolving a clot and prevents blood vessels from clotting

innappropriatly


extrinsic pathway - Ans:✔✔-clotting cascade. Triggered by factors following exposed blood to damaged

tissue OUTSIDE blood vessel.


intrinsic pathway - Ans:✔✔-clotting cascade. Triggered by factors following damaged tissue INSIDE

lumen of blood vessel


Common Pathway - Ans:✔✔-final coagulation pathway activated either by the intrinsic or the extrinsic

pathway, and ending in the formation of a blood clot

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