CNUR209 Unit 2 Exam with Complete Solutions (Already Graded A+)
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CNUR209 Unit 2
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CNUR209 Unit 2
CNUR209 Unit 2 Exam with Complete Solutions (Already Graded A+)
Two ways to define sampling criteria - Answer- · Homogeneous sample - as similar as possible so as to control for extraneous variables
· Heterogeneous sample - represents a broad range of values, used when a narrow focus is not...
CNUR209 Unit 2 Exam with
Complete Solutions
(Already Graded A+)
Two ways to define sampling criteria - Answer- · Homogeneous sample - as similar as
possible so as to control for extraneous variables
· Heterogeneous sample - represents a broad range of values, used when a narrow
focus is not desirable. The more heterogeneous, the more difficult to interpret results
and generalize
nonprobability sampling - Answer- the probability of any particular member of the
population being chosen is unknown
Probability sampling - Answer- randomization of sample, more likely to be
representative of population. Each element of the population has an equal chance of
inclusion in the sample. Most representative, strongest
Simple random sampling - Answer- laborious (require much work), controlled. Need to
know the entire population. Increases the representativeness of the sample based on
the target population.
· Control group: used in studies with random sampling
· Comparison group: not randomly determined
Stratified random sampling - Answer- requires that the population be divided into strata
or subgroups. The goal of this strategy is to achieve a greater degree of
representativeness
Multistage sampling or cluster sampling - Answer- involves a successive random
sampling of units (clusters) that meet sample eligibility criteria, this sample progresses
from large to small
Systematic sampling - Answer- strategy that involves the selection of every "kth" case
drawn from a population list at fixed intervals, such as q 10thmember listed in certain
directory
Convenience sampling - Answer- most readily accessible persons are participants.
Risk: bias, self-selection
, Quota sampling - Answer- identifies a specific strata of the population and represents it
proportionally (known attributes) in the sample. More representative, still risk of bias.
Purposive sampling or Judgmental or Selective sampling - Answer- efforts are made to
include typical or atypical subjects. Sampling is based on the researcher's judgement
Matching sampling - Answer- an equivalent comparison sample group by filling it with
participants who are similar (chosen variable) to each subject in another sample group
(particular criteria)
Network or snowball effect sampling - Answer- takes advantage of social networks to
get the sample. One person in the sample asks another to join the sample, and so on.
Theoretical sampling - Answer- used in grounded theory research. Data are gathered
from an individual or group that can provide relevant data for theory generation diversity
in the sample is encouraged
Generalization - Answer- extending the findings from the sample under study to the
larger population
Inappropriate generalization - samples cannot be generalized beyond their sampling
criteria. Leading to inappropriate generalizations because of language, reading ability,
other types of illnesses or injuries
Random variation - Answer- expected difference in values that occurs when different
subjects from same sample are examined
Refusal Rate - Answer- percentage of subjects who declined to participate in the study
· E.g.: 80 subjects approached and 4 refused, so 4/80=0.05 = 5% refusal rate
Acceptance Rate - Answer- percentage of subjects who consented to be in the study.
· E.g.: 80 subjects approached and 76 accepted, so 76/80=0.95 = 95% acceptance rate
Sample attrition - Answer- withdrawal or loss of subjects from a study. Attrition rate =
number of subjects withdrawing/number of study subjects X100
Sample retention - Answer- number of subjects who remain in and complete the study
Effect size - Answer- the effect is the presence of the phenomenon being studied, is
extent to which the null hypothesis is false. Increasing the sample size increases the
effect size
Power analysis - Answer- ability to detect differences in the population. Or capacity to
correctly reject a null hypothesis
Research Variables - Answer- specific factors altered and measured during research
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