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Exam (elaborations)

AHN 577 Test 2 – Ortho Study Guide

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AHN 577 Test 2 – Ortho Study Guide Open (Compound) Fracture - Ans:-Skin not intact near fracture Closed (Simple) Fracture - Ans:-2 bone fragments with skin intact Non-Displaced Fracture - Ans:-Bone segment aligned Displaced Fracture - Ans:-Bone segments not aligned or separated Transverse Fr...

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  • October 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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AHN 577 Test 2 – Ortho Study Guide


Open (Compound) Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Skin not intact near fracture


Closed (Simple) Fracture - Ans:✔✔-2 bone fragments with skin intact


Non-Displaced Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Bone segment aligned


Displaced Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Bone segments not aligned or separated


Transverse Fracture line - Ans:✔✔-Caused by tension; fracture at right angle to long bone axis


Longitudnal Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-Fracture occurs along (parallel) to axis of bone


Oblique fracture line - Ans:✔✔-Caused by compression; fracture at angle across bone


Butterfly Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-When 2 are more oblique fractures occur, causing a wedged shape

fracture to occur between the proximal and distal fractures. Caused by bending of bone.


Spiral Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-Occurs d/t being in motion when fracture occurs, causing torsion to

fractured bone. (Caused by torsion of bone)




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Comminuted (Complex) Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-Break or splintering of bone ends into multiple large

pieces (2 or more). Large enough to screw.


Segmental Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-Composed of 2 or more fracture lines that together isolates a section

of the bone usually affect diaphysis (long segment of bone).


Impact Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-One of the fractured segments is driven into another segment of the

fracture.


Stellate Fracture Line - Ans:✔✔-Line of fracture radiates from a point of injury (i.e., skull fractures or

patella)


Avulsion Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Injury to bone where ligaments or tendons attaches to bone and pulls off

bone while pulling a piece of bone with it.


Gustilo Classification of Bone Fracture Type 1 - Ans:✔✔-Open fracture with a skin wound < or = 1 cm in

length and clean (minimal soft tissue injury)


Gustilo Classification of Bone Fracture Type II - Ans:✔✔-Open fracture with a laceration/wound > 1 cm

without extensive soft tissue damage, flaps or avulsions.


Gustilo Classification of Bone Fracture Type III - Ans:✔✔-Open segmental fracture wound with extensive

soft tissue injury.


IIIa - Adequate soft tissue coverage

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IIIb - Significant soft tissue loss with exposed bone that requires soft tissue transfer to achieve coverage.


IIIc - Associated vascular injury that requires repair for limb preservation.


Mal-union - Ans:✔✔-Fracture heals in wrong position


Non-Union - Ans:✔✔-Fracture fails to heal


Subluxation - Ans:✔✔-Partial dislocation of fracture


Pathological (Traumatic) Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Weak areas of bone usually seen with osteomalacia, cyst,

carcinoma, Paget's dz.


Stress Fracture - Ans:✔✔-a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

(i.e., running)


Greenstick Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks




A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends




Usually seen in children d/t soft bones




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Torus (Buckle) Fracture - Ans:✔✔-One in which one cortex is intact with buckling or compaction of the

opposite cortex creating a fracture (Seen as a bump).




Usually seen in children.


Dislocation - Ans:✔✔-Displacement of a bone or joint from its normal position


Subluxation dislocation - Ans:✔✔-Incomplete dislocation


Typical Findings of a Fracture - Ans:✔✔-1. Pain on palpation over fracture


2. Deformity of limb (not always immediately visible)


3. Palpable and/or audible crepitus


4. Diminished or absent distal pulses


5. Swelling


6. Ecchymosis or frank bleeding


7. Decrease or absent ROM distal to fracture


8. Neurologic injury distal to fracture




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