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NUR 2063 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Answers
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NUR 2063 Exam 1 Questions And Correct AnswersHomeostasis - ANSWER •state of equilibrium or balance within and organism
•Fluids and electrolytes exist within the body, are dynamic in nature, and are maintained
in constant balance, or homeostasis, within the body
fluid volume deficit - ANSWER •Fluid deficit occurs when total body fluid levels (mostly
water) are insufficient to meet the body's needs may also be referred to as dehydration
•Fluid volume deficits may result from vomiting and diarrhea
Fluid Volume Excess - ANSWER •Daily fluid intake should equal the amount of fluid lost
•Third spacing: significant fluid increases in the transcellular compartment, which does
not exchange easily among other ECFs
Types: Edema, Water intoxication
Eukaryote - ANSWER •is any cell or organism that possesses a defined nucleus
Mitochondria - ANSWER •Have own DNA and ribosomes
•Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
what happens When arterial blood pressure decreases - ANSWER •renin is released
from the kidneys and acts on angiotensinogen (from the liver), converting it to
angiotensin I.
What is the function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), and natriuretic peptides - ANSWER Control of fluid and electrolyte balances is
,maintained
The RAAS also helps in - ANSWER •maintaining blood pressure and intravascular fluid
status
What happens when renin converts angiotensinogen -from the liver, converting into
Angiotensin I - ANSWER •Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II in the lungs by
angiotensin-converting enzymes
What does Angiotensin II do - ANSWER •is a potent vasoconstrictor that also stimulates
the release of aldosterone
Where is Aldosterone produced - ANSWER Hyopthalamus
What does the Adrenal cortex secrete and why - ANSWER The adrenal cortex secretes
aldosterone and secretes in response to the changes in blood osmolality
What is Aldosterones role - ANSWER stimulate the reabsorption of the sodium and water
in the kidneys, renovating blood volume
directly influence water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting duct in the
kidneys
What could cause Fluid volume deficient - ANSWER • hemorrhage, excessive loss of GI
fluids, ie, vomiting and diarrhea.
What are signs and symptoms of Fluid volume deficient - ANSWER thirst, weight loss,
lungs clear to auscultation, tachycardic.
What could cause fluid volume excess - ANSWER •heart failure, end-stage kidney
failure, etc.
, What are the signs/symptoms of Fluid volume excess (FVE) - ANSWER •crackles to the
lungs, hypertension, bounding pulses.
Where is the highest loss of daily fluids - ANSWER in the urinary tract
Osmosis - ANSWER •process which water travels through a selectively permeable
membrane so the concentrations of a substance that is soluble in water (solutes) are the
same on both sides of the membrane. (ex. movement of water between the interstitial
and intracellular compartments).
what type of movement is osmosis - ANS By osmosis water passively moves from an
area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration.
Where does Potassium mostly exists in the body - ANS •exists predominately in the
intracellular fluid whereas sodium and chloride exists predominately in extracellular
fluid.
hypokalemia - ANS When potassium levels in the body is less than 3.5 mEq/L
hyperkalemia - ANSWER When the potassium levels in the body is greater than 5 mEq/L
Both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia can cause - ANSWER cardiac arrhythmias
Hypocalcemia - ANSWER When calcium level is below 8.5 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia can cause - ANSWER •positive Chvostek's sign(contraction of the corner
of the patient's eye and mouth when the facial nerve is tapped gently and positive
Trousseau's sign (spasm of the and hand and wrist [sign of tetany]).
Hyponatremia - ANSWER •<135 mEq/L
Causes from excessive sodium losses or increased water gains (dilutional
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