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PSYCH 282 - B-Mod Midterm 1 Exam with Correct Solutions
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PSYCH 282 - B-Mod Midterm 1Exam with Correct Solutions
Behaviourism - ANSWER - belief that behaviour is lawful and controlled by environmental
events in close temporal relation to the behaviour.
- philosophy of the science of behaviour
Experimental Analysis of Behaviour (EAB or behaviour analysis) - ANSWER basic scientific
research on the functional relationship between environmental events and resulting
behaviour.
Applied Behaviour Analysis - ANSWER using knowledge about human behaviour to reduce
socially undesirable behaviours and/or increase desirable ones.
Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER - Conducted experiments that uncovered the basic processes
of respondent conditioning.
- Demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus.
- S-R Psychology: focused on how environmental events and stimuli (S) affect responses (R).
E.L. Thorndike - ANSWER - Law of Effect: a behaviour that has a favourable outcome is
more likely to occur again in that situation in the future.
- discussed how an animal can "modify its behaviour" , but did not coin the term
behaviour modification
J.B Watson - ANSWER - Argued that the observable behaviour was the proper subject matter
of psychology and that all behaviour was controlled by environmental events (Behaviourism).
- proposed that most human activities were learned habits
- developed methodological behaviourism: the study of behaviour alone, not of any internal,
mental state or event.
S-R model
,B.F Skinner - ANSWER - Radical Behaviouism: a departure from Watson's rather extreme
views. He believed we could study thoughts and that was the kind of opposite or radical of
Watson's views.
- goal was to understand and explain all behaviour. this includes "private events" that
occur "inside the skin" (e.g., thoughts and feelings)
S-R-S model (a.k.a. three-term contingency, or ABCs of behaviour)
What are the three ABC's of behaviour - ANSWER - B.F Skinner.
Antecedent Stimulus produces...
Behaviour (or Response) which in turn produces...
Consequence (also a Stimulus or event): reinforcement or punishment
Behavioural Assessment - ANSWER Measurement of the target behaviour of a client in
behaviour modification.
Why is behavioural assessment helpful? - ANSWER 1. measuring the behaviour before
treatment helps determine whether treatment is necessary.
2. behavioural assessment can provide information that helps in choosing the best treatment.
3. allows you to determine whether the behaviour changed after the treatment
was implemented.
How is behavioural assessment performed? - ANSWER By using the "who, what, where,
when, and how" of the target behaviour.
B-Mod Methods - ANSWER 1. Screening or Intake Phase
2. Baseline Phase (Preprogram Assessment Phase)
3. Treatment Phase
4. Follow-Up Phase
, Screening or Intake Phase - ANSWER obtain client demographic information, and reasons
for seeking assistance.
- Is B-mod appropriate for the client?
Baseline Phase - ANSWER - define and measure initial "baseline" level of behaviour.
- where is the behaviour at right now?
Treatment Phase - ANSWER actively apply training, intervention, or treatment program.
Follow-Up Phase - ANSWER determine effects on behaviour following termination of treatment
program.
target behaviour (in behavioural assessment) - ANSWER the behaviour that you're interested in
changing (i.e., increasing or decreasing in frequency); the "what".
ex. "drinking water"
behavioural goal - ANSWER level of the target behaviour that a program is designed to achieve.
ex. "I want to drink 1 litre of water per day, five days a week".
outcome goal - ANSWER broad, abstract result that one wishes to attain; often recognized
as important by society; the "why".
ex. "To be healthy"
What are the two types of behavioural assessments? - ANSWER Indirect Assessment and Direct
Assessment
What is indirect assessment? - ANSWER - based on second hand (or third hand)
remembered information.
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