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PSY 225 Final Exam Prep| Questions Answered 100% Correct/Verified Solutions
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PSY 225 Final Exam Prep| QuestionsAnswered 100% Correct/Verified
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Stages of Psychosocial Development - ANSWER Trait Vs. Opposite Trait (When): Virtue
Trust Vs. Mistrust (Infancy): Hope
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt(Toddlerhood): Will
Initiative Vs. Guilt (Preschool): Purpose
Industry Vs. Inferiority (school-age): Competence
Identity Vs. Role Confusion (adolescence): Fidelity
Learning Perspective - ANSWER The learning perspective of development maintains that
development results from learning. A long-lasting change in behavior based one experience
or adaptation to the environment.
Behaviorism - ANSWER A mechanistic theory, which describes observed behavior as a
predictable response to experience.
Social Learning Theory - ANSWER Albert Bandura developed many principals of this theory
and suggests that the impetus for development is bidirectional. The child acts on the world as
the world acts on the child. This theory maintains that people learn appropriate social
behavior chiefly by observing and imitating models.
Associative Learning - ANSWER This kind of learning focuses on Classical Conditioning and
Operant Conditioning.
, Classical Conditioning - ANSWER This conditioning forms associations between a Conditioned
Stimulus and an Unconditioned(natural) Response to create a Conditioned response.
A Unconditioned Response will be elicited through an Unconditioned Stimuli while the
subject is also provided with the Conditioned Stimuli. The subject will begin to associated the
Unconditioned Response with the Conditioned Stimuli.
Operant Conditioning - ANSWER This conditioning using reinforcement of actions and
punishment of actions to increase or decrease the likelihood of an action. There are two
kinds of Reinforcement:Positive and Negative.
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER This psychologist created the principles of operant conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER This physiologist came across a phenomenon known as
Classical Conditioning.
Watson - ANSWER Conducted the Little Albert experiment. An example of
Classical Conditioning
Reciprocal Determinism - ANSWER This is the term used for Bandura's theory that the impetus for
development is bidirectional. The child acts on the world as the world acts on the child.
Self-Efficacy - ANSWER a sense of this is the confidence that children have what it takes
to succeed.
Cognition of Social Learning (Cognitive) Theory - ANSWER Cognition:
Action scripts (can I physically do it?)
Expected Outcome (What will happen if I do?)
Value of Expected Outcome (Is it worth it?)
Self Efficacy (Do I have the confidence to do it?)
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