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NUR 3310 Quiz 3 Content Exam With Complete Solutions
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NUR 3310 Quiz 3 Content Exam With Complete SolutionsHow is fluid balance monitored? - ANSWER osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
What happens when increased plasma osmolality is detected? - ANSWER The posterior
PG releases ADH, triggering the kidneys to retain fluid
What does increased osmolality cause? - ANSWER thirst mechanism in the
hypothalamus
What is serum osmolality? - ANSWER is a test that measures the amount of chemicals
dissolved in the fluid portion of blood (serum).
What is the normal range of sodium? - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L
What does elevated sodium imply? - ANSWER hypernatremia, dehydration, kidney
disease, hypercortisolism
What does low sodium mean? - ANSWER hyponatremia, fluid overload, liver disease,
adrenal insufficiency
What is the range for Potassium? - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What does elevated K+ mean? - ANSWER hyperkalemia, dehydration, kidney disease,
acidosis, adrenal insufficiency, crush injuries
What does low K+ mean? - ANSWER Hypokalemia, fluid overload, diuretic therapy,
alkalosis, insulin administration, hyperaldosteronism
,What is the normal range for Ca? - ANSWER 9-10.5 mg/dL
What does elevated Ca mean? - ANSWER hypercalcemia, hyperthyroidism,
hyperparathyroidism
What does low Ca mean? - ANSWER hypokalcemia, vitamin D deficiency,
hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, kidney disease, excessive intake of phosphorus
What is the range for Chloride? - ANSWER 98-106 mEq/L
What does elevated Chloride imply? - ANSWER hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis,
respiratory alkalosis, hyercortisolism
What does low Chloride imply? - ANSWER hypochloremia, fluid overload, excessive
vomiting or diarrhea, adrenal insufficiency, diuretic therapy
What is the range for Magnesium? - ANSWER 1.8-2.6 mEq/L
What does high Mg imply? - ANSWER hypermagnesemia, kidney disease,
hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency
What does low Mg imply? - ANSWER Hypomagnesemia, malnutrition, alcoholism,
ketoacidosis
What is the range for osmolarity? - ANSWER 270-300 mOsm/L
What does high osmolarity imply? - ANSWER dehydration, hypernatremia,
hyperglycemia
What does low osmolarity imply? - ANSWER fluid overload, hyponatremia, malnutrition
, What is fluid excess? - ANSWER hypervolemia •Fluid intake or retention is greater than
output
What conditions see fluid excess? - ANSWER •CHF, CKD, polydipsia, SIADH, etc
What are signs of fluid excess? - ANSWER •Peripheral edema, JVD crackles, dyspnea,
weight gain, weeping skin
•Elevated BP and bounding pulse
What is fluid deficit? - ANSWER hypovolemia, •Fluid intake or retention is less than
output
What conditions cause fluid deficit? - ANSWER •Dehydration, GI issues, fever, burns, DI,
etc.
What are signs of fluid deficit? - ANSWER •Dry cracked skin, poor turgor, prolonged
capillary refill, sunken eyes/fontanelle
•Hypotension, weak rapid pulse
What causes electrolyte changes? - ANSWER •Malnutrition, GI loss, renal function
What does sodium mostly affect? - ANSWER brain and cognition
What does K+ mostly affect? - ANSWER cardiac and musculoskeletal function
What do Ca/Mg/Phos impact? - ANSWER cardiovascular function
What is a normal urine output (formula)? - ANSWER (0.5-1.5 mL/kg/hr)
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