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PNB 2274 Final Exam Review with Questions Solved 100% Correct
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PNB 2274 Final Exam Review withQuestions Solved 100% Correct
Fick's Law - ANSWER describes the movement of molecules in 1 dimension. The
overall flow is the negative of the product of the diffusion coefficient and concentration
gradient
Temperature, friction, area, membrane permeability, membrane thickness,
concentration gradient - ANSWER factors that affect the rate of diffusion
increased - ANSWER increased temperature results in ____________ rate of diffusion
decreased - ANSWER increased friction results in ___________ rate of diffusion
increased - ANSWER steep concentration gradient results in ___________ rate of
diffusion
(2Dt)^1/2 - ANSWER root mean squared distance in 1 dimension
(4Dt)^1/2 - ANSWER root mean squared distance in 2 dimensions
(6Dt)^1/2 - ANSWER root mean squared distance in 3 dimensions
osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane that is
permeable to water
high - ANSWER cells with high ion concentrations have ________ osmotic pressure
,channel mediated - ANSWER aka facilitated diffusion; provides a pathway for things to
flow in/out that's not the membrane itself. channels/ transporters
bulk filtration - ANSWER movement of large groups of molecules, typically with
water. Everything flows together, often as a result of pressure changes
100 micrometers - ANSWER most cells are within _____________ of a capillary
ion channels - ANSWER membrane proteins that act as passive conduit for ions. When
open, provides continuous pathway through membrane for the passing of ions. Have
high selectivity
leak channel - ANSWER ion channel that randomly opens and allows flow of ions
ligand gated channel - ANSWER ion channel that opens with a chemical stimulus
pull channel - ANSWER ion channel that opens with mechanical stimulus (i.e. hair cells)
voltage gated channel - ANSWER ion channel that opens due to changes in
membrane potential
TTX - ANSWER toxin that acts to block voltage gated sodium channels = no
action potential
transporters - ANSWER proteins that transport solutes across membrane, can facilitate
passive or active diffusion. Not designed for speed.
carrier proteins - ANSWER transport protein that cycles between multiple
conformations in which a solute binding site is accessible on one side or the other.
Never completely open. Can be passive if the protein facilitates movement with solute's
concentration gradient
,primary active transport - ANSWER active transport that directly requires AT; example:
Na/K pump
secondary active transport - ANSWER active transport that utilizes energy stored in a
concentration gradient; example: Sodium glucose linked symporter where sodium
(high concentration) binds with protein and creates binding site for glucose (low
concentration) and they are transported together
symport - ANSWER carrier transport where the two ions are both transported in one
direction
antiport - ANSWER carrier transport where the two ions are transported in opposite
directions
tissue - ANSWER a collection of similar cells working together for a common purpose
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous - ANSWER four tissue types
epithelial - ANSWER tissued composed almost entirely of cells and little extracellular
matrix. Cells connected by intercellular junctions. Avascular tissue. Highly regenerative
Basement membrane - ANSWER an acellular surface produced by epithelial and
connective tissues
basal lamina - ANSWER epithelial secretions: collagen, laminin, proteoglycans
reticular lamina - ANSWER connective secretions: reticular fibers, fribronectins,
glycoproteins
, functions of epithelial tissue - ANSWER 1. Protection from abrasion,
dehydration, physical/chemical/biological agents
2. selective permeability; regulates passage of molecules
3. movement/cleaning of fluids or other materials along a surface
4. secretion (mucus, sweat, etc)
5. sensation: receptors
integumentary system - ANSWER epithelial tissue that functions as protection
respiratory system - ANSWER example of epithelial tissue that functions to
exchange gases/ materials
vision, hearing, taste - ANSWER example of epithelial tissue that functions as sensory
receptors
digestive system - ANSWER example of epithelial tissue that functions to
transport materials
glands - ANSWER example of epithelial tissue that functions to secrete materials
reproductive system (fallopian tubes) - ANSWER example of epithelial tissue
that functions to move material (eggs)
apocrine - ANSWER partial cellular breakdown (fragmentation)
Merocrine - ANSWER secretory products created by vesicular exocytosis
holocrine - ANSWER entire cell secreted (oil)
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous - ANSWER layers of the skin
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