Exam (elaborations)
Myelomeningocele MMC Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- MMC MISC
- Institution
- Indian River State College
Myelomeningocele MMC Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
Myelomeningocele MMC Questions And
Answers Latest Update
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a ... ANS✔✔ Complex congenital anomaly that
primarily affects the nervous system.
What does MMC secondarily affect? ANS✔✔ Musculoskeletal and urologic
systems
MMC is a specific form of myelodysplasia that is the result of...? ANS✔✔
Faulty embryologic development of the spinal cord; especially the lower
segment.
What happens to the spinal cord before the 28th week of gestation? ANS✔✔
The caudal end of neural tube fails to close.
What is spina bifida? ANS✔✔ A bony defect. the posterior vertebral arches
do not close in the midline to form a spinous process.
What is spina bifida occulta? ANS✔✔ When the bifid spine occurs in
isolation, with no involvement of the spinal cord or meninges.
What are the characteristics of spina bifida occulta? ANS✔✔ No neuro
involvement. May have an abnormal tuff of hair.
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
What is it called when there is a visible cyst protruding from the opening
caused by the bony defect? ANS✔✔ Spina Bifida Cystica or (aperta) -
meaning open or visible.
If cyst holds only cerebrospinal fluid and meninges is called? ANS✔✔
Meningocele
When the malformed spinal cord is present within the cyst,it is referred to
as? ANS✔✔ myelomeningocele
What is the most common location for MMC? ANS✔✔ In the lumbar level.
What is the incidence of spina bifida in the US? ANS✔✔ 3.4 per 10,000 live
births
What is the chance of a sibling being born with MMC? ANS✔✔ 2-3%
What is anencephaly? ANS✔✔ Failure of the brain to develop beyond the
brain stem. Infants rarely survive beyond birth.
What is encephalocele? ANS✔✔ When the brain tissue protrudes from the
skull. Occurs in the occipital and results in visual impairment.
What is the cause of Spina bifida and MMC? ANS✔✔ No definitive cause. A
combination of environmental and genetic factors. Exposure to alcohol.
Is there a decrease if folic acid uptake? ANS✔✔ yes, by 31%
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
How can a nueral tube defect be detected? ANS✔✔ Prenatal diagnosis -
blood test done testing for high levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Backed up by a
high resolution ultra sound.
If a NTD is detected, how should the infant be delivered? ANS✔✔ by C-
section to prevent damage.
What is being done in utero before 26 weeks gestation? ANS✔✔ Intrauterine
surgery to decrease the need for placing a shunt for hydrocephalus, and to
improve LE function.
How does the infant present as a result of the spinal cord malformation?
ANS✔✔ Most present with motor and sensory paralysis
The extent of the impairment is directly related to? ANS✔✔ The level of the
cyst and the level of the spinal cord defect.
If the nerve roots are damaged or the cord is dysplastic... ANS✔✔ the infant
will have a flaccid type of motor paralysis with lack of sensation: classic LMN
presentation.
If the spinal cord below the MMC is intact and has innervated muscles
then... ANS✔✔ the potential exists for spastic type of motor paralysis.
The higher the level of of the lesion... ANS✔✔ the greater the degree of
muscular impairment and the less likely the child will ambulate functionally.
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