Exam (elaborations)
SHARP SA Notes Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 6 pages for the course SHARP at SHARP (SHARP SA Notes)
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SHARP SA NotesVictim (definition) - answer Any person who suffered direct physical or emotional harm
as a result of a sexual or violent offense
Victimology (definition) - answer Victimology is the "scientific study" of victimization. It
includes studying the relationships/interactions of the victim with the:
- Offenders
- Criminal justice system
- Other social groups
Consent (definition) - answer A FREELY given agreement to the conduct at issue by a
competent person.
All the surrounding circumstances are to be considered in determining whether a person
gave consent.
Trauma (definition) - answer Event in which both of the following were present:
- Person experienced/witnessed/was confronted with event that involved
actual/threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of the self
or others
- Person's response to the event involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror
Symptoms of PTSD - answer- Reliving the event (re-experiencing)
- Avoiding situations that remind them of event
- Negative changes in beliefs/feelings
- Feeling keyed up (hyperarousal) (on alert)
- May lead to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
PTSD Coping Mechanisms - answer- Self blame
- Self harm
- Self medication (drinking/drugs/food)
Military Sexual Trauma (MST) - answerAny sexual activity where a SM is involved
against his or her will.
- Includes SH and SA
- 1/4 women & 1/100 men respond "yes" to experiencing MST
Offender Motivations - answer- Power motivated
- Anger motivated
- Sadistic
Types of Sex Offenders - answer- Non-stranger (most common)
, - Stranger (constitutes 25% of SA)
- Gang & multiple rape
Common Offender Behaviors - answer- Hyper-masculinity
- Deficits in empathy
- Offender tactics
- Use of force
Victim Blaming (definition) - answer- Holding the victim entirely/partially responsible for
SA
- Blaming individuals for their personal troubles or for social difficulties
- Not blaming the other people involved or the larger social system in place
**Victim blaming is a core component of rape myths
What is a core component of rape myths? - answerVictim blaming = core component to
rape myths.
- People who blame victims are less able to support survivors
- Rape myths are destructive forces
Victim Blaming Theories - answerJUST WORLD HYPOTHESIS:
- World is safe.
- People get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
INVULNERABILITY THEORY:
- Believes victim did something concrete to deserve the SA.
- If they can avoid doing that particular thing then they create the illusion of
invulnerability for themselves.
Types of Myths - answer- Cultural myths
- Social myths
- Rape myths
- Harmful attitudes
Re-victimization (definition) - answer- Behaviors/attitudes of social service providers that
are "victim-blaming" and insensitive
- Institutional practices/values that place the needs of the organization above the needs
of the victim
Civilian Criminal Justice System (Process in 7 Phases) - answer1. Law enforcement
2. Prosecution
3. Judiciary
4. Probation
5. Corrections
6. Parole
7. Appellate courts
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