COM 114 Test Out-Purdue University
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Why are Visual Aids Important - ✔✔Increases clarity and retention,
increases effectiveness in both the speaker and the presentation
Why are Visual Aids Used by a Speaker - ✔✔The audience's ability to process
the information and understand the presented material is greatly enhanced
Pie Chart - ✔✔Used when comparing parts of a whole or percentages of the total
Bar Chart - ✔✔Used when making comparisons among different types of items
to allow for easy visual ranking across items in a category
,Line Chart - ✔✔Used for comparing charges over time in a set of data to
examine trends
Straw Person - ✔✔Fallacy when someone ignores or misrepresents a person's
actual position and substitutes a weaker, distorted or misrepresented version of
that position, thereby making it easier to refute the opponent's position; for
example: A biology teachers says all things evolve, a student says humans could
not have come from bugs
Red Herring - ✔✔Fallacy where an irrelevant topic is inserted into the
discussion to divert attention away from the real issue; for example: Mom gets
phone bill and you've gone over your limit so you tell her about your math test
Slippery Slope - ✔✔Fallacy that asserts that some action will inevitably lead to a
chain of events that will end in a certain result; for example: If you allow a
student to redo a test, they will want to redo every assignment
, Ad Hominem - ✔✔Fallacy where irrelevant personal attacks are made against a
person or a group to which the person belongs instead of against the argument
the person supports; for example: A lawyer attacks the defendant's character
instead of what is in question
False Analogy - ✔✔Fallacy where one incorrectly assumes that since two things
are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other; for
example: Children are like dogs so they should eat off the floor and visit the vet
Directional - ✔✔Transitional phrases that let your audience know that you are
moving away from one idea and on to another; for example: Now that we've
established the need for fundraising, let's see which course of action will be most
effective
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