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Usabo Semi-Complete Set WITH 100- SURE ANSWERS.
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EUNICEUsabo Semi-Complete Set WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
Terms in this set (202)
agranular leukocyte, circulates 2-8%, differentiates
into macrophages or dendritic cells
Monocytes
agranular leukocyte, does not circulate,
phagocyte, antigen presenting cell, clean up after
Macrophages
infection and create pus
granular leukocyte, does not circulate, releases chemicals such as histamine,
Mast Cells prostaglandin, and various cytokinins which promote inflammation, associated with
allergic responses
granular leukocyte, does not circulate, resembles neuron with branches, antigen
Dendritic Cells
presenting cell that can degrade pathogens
granular leukocytes, circulates ~1%, releases histamine and other pro inflammatory
Basophils
signalers
granular lymphocyte, circulates, attacks virally infected and cancerous cells, use
Natural Killer Cells
perforin to lyse cell membrane then granzymes to induced apoptosis.
Neutrophils granular leukocytes, circulate 70%, phagocytes
granular leukocytes, circulate 1-6%, target parasitic infections like worms using cyto
Eosinophils
and neurotoxic compounds, response to IgE antibodies
mostly monomer, can form dimer, found in mucous lining and therefor in bodily
IgA antibodies
secretions, immobilizes pathogen
IgD Antibodies present on surface of B Cells, activates B Cells when triggered
found only in mammals, interacts with eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, and
IgE Antibodies
basophils to fight parasites and initiate allergic reactions.
IgM Antibodies found in pentamers, first to respond to antigens after infection
most prevalent, binds to foreign particles like bacteria and particles, only antibody
IgG Antibodies
that can pass through the placenta
1/5
, receptors on inside of cell, detect non self particles like viral and cancerous ones,
MHC I
can trigger apoptosis by presenting them to cytotoxic T cells
found on antigen presenting cells, used to detect non self particles in the extra
MHC II
cellular space
2 ATP in
4 ATP out
Output of Glycolysis
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetyl CoA
Output of Pyruvate Oxidation (per glucose)
2 NADH
6 NADH
2 GTP/ATP
Output of the Krebs Cycle (per glucose)
2 FADH2
4 CO2
cytokinin, secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells, regulates
IL 1
inflammation and fever
IL 2 cytokinin, secreted by activated T cells, promotes T cell proliferation
cytokinin, secreted by activated T cells, promotes proliferation of a diverse set of
IL 3
leukocytes
cytokinin, secreted by helper T cells, induces B cells to synthesize IgE, promotes T
IL 4 cell and B cell proliferation and MHC II, decreases helper T cell, IFN II, and dendritic
cells
IL 5 cytokinin, promotes eosinophil activity and IgA secretion
cytokinin, secreted by macrophages and epithelial cells, stimulates osteoclast
IL 6 formation, anti inflammatory in smooth muscle cells, inflammatory else where,
promote B cells and decrease regulatory T cells
TNFA (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha) cytokinin, secreted by macrophages, promotes inflammation and neutrophil activity
TNFB (Tumor Necrosis Factor Beta) cytokinin, secreted by macrophages, anti inflammatory and promotes cell growth
TGFB (Transforming Growth Factor Beta) cytokinin, anti inflammatory, inhibits B and T cell proliferation, secreted by fibroblasts
CD8 T Cells Cytotoxic T Cells, named after protein used to stabilize T cell target interaction CD8
CD4 T Cells Helper T Cells, named after protein used to stabilize T cell target interaction CD4
realeased by Juxtaglomerular Apparatus in Kidney, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-
RAAS System, creates angiotensin II which stimulates adrenal glands to produce
aldosterone which increases Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tube.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, released in the walls of the atrial chamber in response to
ANP
high blood pressure, prevents NaCl reabsorbtion
Anti Diuretic Hormone, temporally increases the amount of aquaporins in the walls if
ADH
the collect duct cells.
paracrine Hormone acts near secreting cell (ie. Histamine)
endocrine Hormone acts far from secreting cell, through blood stream (ie. insulin)
Paracrine hormone released by epithelial cells when they receive inadequate O2,
Nitric Oxide (NO)
signals vasodialation.
2/5
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