Exam (elaborations)
Water Treatment Class 3 - A
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Water Treatment Class 3 - A
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Water Treatment Class 3 - ACross connection - -a connection between a potable water system and an
unapproved water supply. Mixing can occur, leading to contamination of
drinking water.
-Detention time - -time required for a small amount of water to pass
through a tank at a given rate of flow. (volume, gal x 24 hr/day)/(flow,
gal/day)
-Drawdown - -1) drop in the water table or lvl of water in the ground when
being pumped from a well
2) amount of water used from reservoir
3) drop in the water level of a reservoir
-safe yield - -annual quantity of water that can be taken from a source of
supply over a period of yrs without depleting the source
-short-circuiting - -occurs in a basin: some of the flowing water entering a
tank flows along a direct pathway from the inlet to the outlet. results in
shorter contact, reaction, or settling times
-yield - -quantity of water that can be collected from a given surface or
groundwater source.
-zone of aeration - -dry soil or rock between ground surface and top of
water table
-zone of saturation - -soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater
table...saturated with water
-water characteristics - -physical- color, turbidity, temp, taste, and odor.
chemical- alkalinity, pH, chemical, presence or absence of VOCs, SOCs
biological- presence of viruses, bacteria, algae, etc
radiological - contact with radioactive substances
-Safe Drinking Water Act - -1974,
*set national standards regulating the levels of contaminants
* require public water systems to monitor and report lvls of identified
contaminants
*establish guidelines for the acceptable treatment technologies
-public water system - -1. has at least 15 service connections OR
2. regularly serves 25 individuals daily (60 days a year)
, -community water system - -1. has at least 15 service connections (used by
all year residents) OR
2. regularly serves at least 25 all year residents
-3 basic objectives of water treatment - -1. production of safe drinking
water
2. production of aesthetically pleasing drinking water
3. production of drinking water at a reasonable cost with respect to capital,
operation, and maintenance costs
-3 types of water rights - -1. riparian
2. appropriative
3. presriptive
-surface water supplies are characterized by - -soft water, suspended solids,
turbidity, some color, and microbial contamination
-groundwater supplies are characterized by - -higher concentrations of
dissolved solids, dissolved gases, low color, relatively high hardness,
freedom from microbial contamination
-purpose of a sanitary survey - -detect all health hazards and evaluate their
present and future importance
-acre-foot - -volume of water that covers one acre to a depth of one foot:
43560 ft^3 (1233 cubic meters)
-biochemical oxygen demand - -rate at which organisms use the oxygen in
water while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under aerobic
conditions. measurements are used to find organic strength of wastes in
water
-decomposition - -organic matter serves as food for bacteria and energy
results from its oxidation
-cathodic protection - -electrical system for prevention of rust, corrosion,
and pitting of metal surfaces which are in contact with water or soil. a low-
current voltage current is made to flow through the liquid or soil in contact
with the metal in such a manner that the external electromotive force
renders the metal structure cathodic. auxiliar anodic parts corrode instead of
entire structure.
-colloids - -finely divided solids (do not dissolve) that remain dispersed in
liquid for a long time due to size and charge. repel each other when there is
a negative charge
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