Exam (elaborations)
Fluid and Electrolytes: NUR 453
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Fluid and Electrolytes: NUR 453 Fluid and Electrolytes: NUR 453 Fluid and Electrolytes: NUR 453
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Fluid and Electrolytes: NUR 453Intracellular Electrolytes - ANS potassium, magnesium, phosphate
Extracellular electrolytes - ANS sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
Potassium is important for - ANS the heart and can cause arrhythmias
Sodium value - ANS 135-145
Potassium values - ANS 3.5-5.0
Chloride values - ANS 95-105
Magnesium values - ANS 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Phosphorus values - ANS 2.8-4.5
Calcium values - ANS 8.5-10.5
Sensible output - ANS can be seen and measured (urine, diarrhea, wound drainage, Ng tube drainage,
emesis)
Insensible output - ANS cannot be measured (sweat, respiratory vapor, stool)
Main electrolyte that can kill a dialysis patient is - ANS potassium
, - they are sent home with kayexalate in case of hyperkalemia
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance can be done in the body through - ANS Kidneys
Adrenal glands (regulate the amount of sodium reabsorbed by the kidneys)
Antidiuretic hormone (from the pituitary gland regulates the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid by
regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys)
Localized Edema - ANS to the site and can come form trauma, IV infiltration, infection, DVT
Generalized Edema (anasarca) - ANS this is pitting and can come from RHF or burns
- because of an underlying problem and is all over the body
Isotonic solutions - ANS Same tonicity as that of the body fluids
- NS, LR, D5W
What patients receive NS solution - ANS if they have diarrhea, hypotension, or need fluid resuscitation
Cause of isotonic dehydration includes - ANS - Inadequate intake of fluids and solutes
- Excessive losses of isotonic body fluids
Hypotonic solutions - ANS less tonicity than the fluid within the body's cells
- 0.5 NS, 0.33% NaCl
- results in cell swelling
Causes of hypotonic dehydration includes - ANS Chronic Illness
Excessive fluid replacement (hypotonic)
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