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NYU Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors mechanism of action - ✔✔these drugs
prevent cholinesterase enzymes from breaking down acetylcholine to
remain in the synaptic cleft for longer periods of time, thereby
strenghthening its effect.
pneumonic for remembering adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs -
✔✔Blind as a bat (dilated pupils)
Red as a beet (vasodilation/flushing)
Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (dry skin)
Mad as a hatter (hallucinations/agitation)
Bloated as a Toad (ileus, urinary retention)
And the heart runs alone (tachycardia)
Side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - ✔✔vasodilation, pupil
constriction, decreased heart rate, mucus secretion, constriction of
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bronchioles, increased secretion of sweat, saliva and tears, GI tract
hypermotility. Certain drugs target the central nervous system and can
cause heightened cognition as well.
Primary Indications for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - ✔✔Alzheimers and
Dementia. Specifically cognitive functions.
Indications for acetylcisteine - ✔✔when inhaled it is used to loosen mucus
in lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema cystic fibrosis and
pneumonia.
when taken orally it acts as an antidote to acetaminophen overdose,
preventing liver damage
Side effects of acetylcisteine - ✔✔inhalation: mouth sores and runny nose.
orally: severe stomach pain, black stools, vomit that looks like coffee
ground
Acetaminophen drug type - ✔✔antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
Indications of Acetaminophen - ✔✔fever, mild to moderate pain
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Acetaminophen mechanism of action - ✔✔inhibits synthesis of
prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, and effects
hypothalamic heat-regulator center
Nursing considerations for acetaminophen (paracetamol) - ✔✔do not
administer more than 4000mg in 24 hours
Contraindications for acetaminophen - ✔✔should not be given to patients
with sever hepatic problems, and administered cautiously to patients with
high alcohol use.
side effects of acetaminophen - ✔✔hepatoxicity in overdoses, constipation,
skin reactions (steven johnson syndrome), vomiting
Indications for activated charcoal - ✔✔used to treat poison or overdose
mechanism of action for activated charcoal - ✔✔excessive drugs and
toxins bind to activated charcoal and are then more easily excreted
indications for albuterol - ✔✔used as a bronchodilator to to control or treat
reversible airway obstruction caused by Asthma or COPD.
mechanism of action for albuterol - ✔✔binds to beta 2 adrenergic receptors
in the smooth muscle airways, causing a decrease in intracellular calcium,
thus relaxing the smooth muscle and opening the airway.
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Side/adverse effects of albuterol - ✔✔paradoxical bronchospasm (if used to
much), nervousness, tremors, restlessness, palpitations, chest pain.
Nursing consideration for albuterol - ✔✔focused respiratory assessment
before administration. If patient presents with paradoxical bronchospasm
then discontinue immediately
medication classification for allopurinol - ✔✔antigout, antihyperuremics
indications for allopurinol - ✔✔prevents gouty arthritis and nephropathy.
Can also treat secondary hyperuricemia during leukemia or treatment of
tumors
mechanism of action for allopurinol - ✔✔inhibits the production of uric acid
by inhibiting the production of xanthine oxidase
Contraindications of allopurinol - ✔✔acute cases of gout, renal
insufficiency, dehydration
side/adverse effects of allopurinol - ✔✔rash, renal failure, hypotension,
hypertension, bradycardia, heart failure, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting,
hepatitis, diarrhea, hematuria, bone marrow depression
nursing considerations for allopurinol - ✔✔discontinue at first sign of rash.
monitor renal functions, blood glucose levels
