Training rats to run a maze for food is an instrumental paradigm because the researcher is:
A. Constraining the opportunity to respond to reinforcement
B. Presenting a CS without a UCS
C. Unable to observe what is taking place in the maze
D. Conditioning the rats in an unusual environment - AN...
PSY320 Exam 2 Question & Answers
Training rats to run a maze for food is an instrumental paradigm because the researcher
is:
A. Constraining the opportunity to respond to reinforcement
B. Presenting a CS without a UCS
C. Unable to observe what is taking place in the maze
D. Conditioning the rats in an unusual environment - ANSWERSA. Constraining the
opportunity to respond to reinforcement
According to Skinner, a positive reinforcer is an event occurring after a response that:
A. Decreases the probability of the response occurring
B. Produces a state of excitation
C. Increases the probability of the response occurring
D. Relieves pain or discomfort - ANSWERSC. Increases the probability of the response
occurring
Giving reinforcement for successive approximation of a desired response defines:
A. Discrimination
B. Compound schedules
C. Shaping
D. Contingency management - ANSWERSC. Shaping
On a fixed interval schedule:
A. The animal waits patiently next to the food delivery site
B. The animal must respond a specified number of times in order to receive food
C. The animal always receives food after a fixed amount of time, regardless of if it
responds
D. The animal gradually increases responding behavior as the time for reinforcement
availability approaches - ANSWERSD. The animal gradually increases responding
behavior as the time for reinforcement availability approaches
People who play slot machines at casinos are reinforced on a _____________
schedule.
A. Fixed ratio
B. Variable ratio
C. Fixed interval
D. Variable interval - ANSWERSB. Variable ratio
When extinction is introduced in operant conditioning, the rate of behavior:
A. Falls off dramatically immediately
B. First increases then decreases
C. Will decline to 0 and now show spontaneous recovery
, D. Evidences a negative, then positive contrast effect - ANSWERSB. First decreases,
then increases
Which of the following DOES NOT apply to the pattern of responding on a fixed ratio
schedule?
A. Produces a consistent rate of behavior
B. Rate of responding increases as the schedule increases
C. The post-reinforcement pause decreases as schedule increases
D. There is usually a pause following the delivery of reinforcement - ANSWERSC. The
post-reinforcement pause decreases as schedule increases
A negative reinforcer is an event:
A. Given after a response that decreases the probability of the response occurring
B. Given after a response that increases the probability of the response occurring
C. Taken away after a response that decreases the probability of the response
occurring
D. Taken away after a response that increases the probability of the response occurring
- ANSWERSD. Taken away after a response that increases the probability of the
response occurring
According to Skinner, a secondary reinforcer is an event:
A. That results from learning
B. That produces pleasure
C. The reduces a drive
D. That is inherently reinforcing - ANSWERSA. That results from learning
The term ___________ has replaced the term behavior modification.
A. Competency management
B. Complacency management
C. Contigency management
D. Continuous management - ANSWERSC. Contigency management
In contingency management, the desired response is determined during the
___________ stage. - ANSWERSB. Contracting
Contingency management programs often employ:
A. Drug therapy
B. Aversion therapy
C. Flooding
D. Token economies - ANSWERSToken economies
A hungry rat is placed in an operant chamber and bar presses for food. Food would be
considered a:
A. Primary negative reinforcer
B. Primary positive reinforcer
C. Secondary negative reinforcer
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