Exam (elaborations)
NR 602 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
- Course
- Institution
NR 602 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
NR 602 Final Exam with CompleteSolutions
Fibroadenoma Correct Ans-- most common benign breast tumor
-circumscribed lesion, solid, non-cancerous, painless, slow-growing, hormone dependent,
regress after menopause, relatively moveable, non-tender
-proliferating glandular and connective elements
-giant lumps may occur
- 15-35yo
-Dx: Core biopsy or excision (definitive dx). cryoablation after dx.
- does not increase risk for brease CA
fibrocystic breast disease Correct Ans--numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense
strands of fibrous tissue in the breast
- >50% of women have
- -tx: avoid caffeine, supportive bra, low-fat diet, evening primrose oil, NSAIDs/APAP, tamoxifen
if severe
Fat necrosis of the breast Correct Ans-- necrotic fat cells with lipid-filled macrophages and
neutrophils
- Sx: skin/nipple retraction, mass that is indistinguishable from cancer, tenderness (sometimes)
- mass ususally resolves after several weeks w/o treatment- if not, need biopsy
- r/t trauma/surgery of breast
Breast cancer Correct Ans--risk: family hx, white, nulliparous, first pregnancy after 30yo,
early menarche (before 12), late menopause (after 50),
- Sx: painless, firm mass with poorly delineated margins, itching, retraction, dimpling of skin,
- sx of advanced tumor: large mass, nodularity, edema, redness, skin ulceration, fixation to chest
wall, breast size change, axillary lymphadenopathy that are fixed
, - Tumor grading: TNM (1-3pts each)- 3-5pts= low grade, well-differentiated, 6-7= intermediate,
8-9= high grade, poor differentiated cells
- surgery done 1-2 weeks after biopsy
- ER + tumors= mets to bone, soft tissue & genital organs. ER -= mets to liver, lung, and brain
Paget's disease of the breast Correct Ans-- Eczematoid eruption and ulceration from the
nipple. may spread to areola
- associated with underlying cancer
- uncommon
Mammography Correct Ans-- screening to begin 40, no later than 50.
- done every 1-2 years
- continue until age 75
STDs Correct Ans--Chlamydia: purulent discharge, red, congested cervix, urethritis,
salpingitis, UTI sx,(Tx: azithromycin). NAAT test
-Trich: Foamy, greenish-white discharge, strawberry-like appearance covers the endocervix and
may extend to vaginal mucosa, double hairpin capillaries, flagellated organisms , friable, red
cervix. protozoa (Tx: metronidazole)
-Ghon: thick, creamy discharge, inflamed cervix, urethritis, UTI sx, ( Tx: Cefixime, or ceftriaxone)
- Bac. vaginosis: gray or white d/c, "clue cells", fishy odor, pH >4.5, gram stain for dx, (Tx-
metronidazole)
- Syphilis: Trep. pallidum, painless sore (indurated, papule or ulcer with raised borders) then 6
weeks later more appear, painless regional lymphadenopathy. spirochetes (Tx-penicillin
parenterally) Jarisch-herxheimer reaction
Hepatitis Correct Ans-- B: Acute, asymptomatic, may lead to chronic carrier state, vaccination
available, incubation 6w-6m. mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids, sx= jaundice
anorexia, RUQ pain, fatigue. Tx=supportive
- C: RNA virus, no vaccine, no sx, no tx, rarely sexually transmitted, usually parenteral route (iv
drug users), 1-3w incubation and 8-9 weeks to antibodies, 50% get cirrhosis
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TheeGrades. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
84146 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now