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ANT 2100 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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ANT 2100 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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Antiquarianism - Answers-Of or relating to antiquarians or to the study or collecting ofantiquities.
Speculation - Answers-The forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
Rampant at the beginning of archaeology.
Etruscan Painting - Answers-Difficult to analyse due to state of preservation, found in
tombs. Painted underground tomb -around 650BC
Etruscan Statuary - Answers-Masterful, found on temples!
Pompeii - Answers-Site of one of the first excavations. Buried under volcanic ash after
the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Rediscovered in 1748. Initially the attraction was
ancient artifacts which evolved until it influenced style. Recorded excavations begun in
1860.
Etruscan Horses (Tarquinia) - Answers-On the top margin of an Etruscan temple. Very
realistic. Made around 650 BC, 2000 years before we had large clay figures.
Demonstrate a high level of human artistic expertise.
Issue of Fakes - Answers-Very lucrative. People create fakes in order to sell them.
Looting - Answers-People dig up artifacts in order to sell them. Destroyed many sites,
still a problem in many areas.
Issue of value of an artifact - Answers-Worth a lot of money on the black market.
Early Museums - Answers-Started as a place to store, collect and display artifacts.
Extinct Species - Answers-Some species of humans are extinct too as well as animals.
Dinosaurs - Answers-65 million years old. An example of megafauna.
Megafauna - Answers-True Dinosaurs (65 milllion) abound along with other more recent
(50000 years old) critters. Mammoths, mastodons, saber tooth cats, giant armadillos,
short faced cave bears, tapir.
Sue - Answers-Found at the Chicago Field Museum, this is a large skeleton of a
Tyrannosaurus Rex
Fairy Arrows - Answers-One of the early explanations for stone blades.
Petrified Lightning Bolts - Answers-One of the early explanations for stone blades.
Mummies and Bog Bodies - Answers-Popping up and intriguing people.
, Bog bodies: These preserved human remains have survived due to being immersed in
marshy, waterlogged environment in the peat of Northern Europe.
Ethnography - Answers-A subset of cultural anthropology concerned with the study of
contemporary cultures through first-hand observation.
Ethnographic studies of 'traditional', 'native', 'other' people - different tradition than what
could be observed in Europe - makes a clearer connection to Anthropology.
Mission San Luis - Answers-Reconstruction of an Appalachee settlement.
'Testing' the Historic Record - Answers-Early historic accounts of New World people are
useful but always have to be carefully examined because they're not always 100%
accurate. (ethnohistoric approach)
Fish Weirs - Answers-Used to trap fish, prominent in Florida.
Thomas Jefferson - Answers-(1743-1826). He conducted the first scientific excavation
in Virginia in 1784 at a burial mound on his property.
First US archaeologist. His work had little actual impact though. He used stratigraphy,
deductive reasoning and reported what he did and thought. He worked on the mounds
and determined that the ancestors of Indians built the mounds.
Mounds and who Built Them - Answers-Mounds were found to the east of the
Mississippi and were allegedly built by the lost race of the moundbuilders. Later
however it was proven that they were built by the ancestors of Native Americans.
Lost Race of the Moundbuilders - Answers-Supposed builders of the unexplained
mounds found east of the Mississippi.
Pretty wild period of speculation really into the last 1890s in some cases. Gradually,
people are getting away from the totally bogus interpretations. And we're getting better
and better with respect to field techniques - English particularly in the early 20th century
- Pitt-Rivers, Flinders Petrie, Mortimer Wheeler and in the US Havens, Powell and
Cyrus Thomas.
Augustus Lane- Fox Pitt-Rivers - Answers-1827-1900
He pioneered the technique of total recording and printed descriptions of his meticulous
excavations at Cranborne Chase in southern England, which set a new standard in
archaeological publication.
Flinders Petrie - Answers-Petrie excavated in Egypt for the Egypt Exploration Fund
(EEF) from 1884 to 1886, but felt he needed more independence. In 1894, he founded
his own archaeological body, the Egyptian Research Account, which later became the
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